201357-99-5

Upstream product

• 865-47-4 potassium tert-butylate 
• 105-36-2 ethyl bromoacetate 
• 735-40-0 ethyl (2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)glycinate 
• 4755-77-5 Ethyl oxalyl chloride 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Chemical Targeting of Voltage Sensitive Dyes to Specific Cells and Molecules in the Brain

Voltage sensitive fluorescent dyes (VSDs) are important tools for probing signal transduction in neurons and other excitable cells. The impact of these highly lipophilic sensors has, however, been limited due to the lack of cell-specific targeting methods in brain tissue or living animals. We address this key challenge by introducing a nongenetic molecular platform for cell- and molecule-specific targeting of synthetic VSDs in the brain. We employ a dextran polymer particle to overcome the inherent lipophilicity of VSDs by dynamic encapsulation and high-affinity ligands to target the construct to specific neuronal cells utilizing only native components of the neurotransmission machinery at physiological expression levels. Dichloropane, a monoamine transporter ligand, enables targeting of dense dopaminergic axons in the mouse striatum and sparse noradrenergic axons in the mouse cortex in acute brain slices. PFQX in conjunction with ligand-directed acyl imidazole chemistry enables covalent labeling of AMPA-type glutamate receptors in the same brain regions. Probe variants bearing either a classical electrochromic ANEP dye or state-of-the-art VoltageFluor-type dye respond to membrane potential changes in a similar manner to the parent dyes, as shown by whole-cell patch recording. We demonstrate the feasibility of optical voltage recording with our probes in brain tissue with one-photon and two-photon fluorescence microscopy and define the signal limits of optical voltage imaging with synthetic sensors under a low photon budget determined by the native expression levels of the target proteins. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a chemical targeting approach and expands the possibilities of cell-specific imaging and pharmacology.

Pyrrolyl quinoxalindiones their production and use as AMPA receptor antagonists

Pyrrolylquinoxalinediones of the formula I and their tautomeric and isomeric forms, and their physiologically tolerated salts are described, where the variables have the following meaning: R1hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, substitu

2,3(1H,4H)quinoxalinedione

2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinediones of the formula I STR1 where R1 is hydrogen, an aliphatic radical which has up to 12 carbons and can be substituted by one of the following: phenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or --CO--R3, --CO--O--R3 or --CO--NH--R3, where R3 is hydrogen, C1 -C4 -alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or 1-phenylethyl, a cycloaliphatic radical with up to 12 carbons or phenyl, where the cyclic groups in R1 can have up to three of the following substituents: C1 -C4 -alkyl, C1 -C4 -haloalkyl, C1 -C4 -alkoxy, C1 -C4 -haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, --CO--O--R3 and --CO--NH--R3 ; R2 is 1-pyrrolyl which can have up to two of the following substituents: C1 -C4 -alkyl, phenyl, phenylsulfonyl, nitro, cyano and --CO--O--R3, --CO--NH--R3, --CH2 --O--R3, --O--R3 and --CH=NO--R3 R radicals are identical or different and are the following: C1 -C4 -alkyl, C1 -C4 -alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, cyano and --CO--O--R3 and --CO--NH--R3 as well as a fused-on benzene ring; n is 0-3, and 2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinediones I' STR2 where R1 has the stated meanings, are suitable as drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and neurotoxic disturbances of the central nervous system.

Quinoxalines and drugs prepared therefrom

Quinoxaline-2,3-(1H,4H)-diones of the formula I STR1 and their tautomeric and enantiomeric forms and their physiologically tolerated salts, the variables R, R 1 and R 2 have the meanings specified in claim 1, and are useful for therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, neurotoxic disturbances or as antiepileptics, antidepressants and anxiolytics; and drugs composed thereof.