20316-14-7

Upstream product

• 108-24-7 acetic anhydride 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 114066-50-1 sarasinoside B₁ 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 
• 114099-54-6 sarasinoside A₁ 
• 75547-73-8 6²-β-D-glucopyranosyl-laminaratriose 
• 104542-74-7 β-Galp-(1->2)-α-GalpA-(1->2)-glycerol 
• 61272-23-9 3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-arabinose 
• 61844-96-0 C₄₂H₇₂O₈ 
• 536-11-8 β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucopyranose 
• 87727-74-0 1,2-O-<(1-exo-cyano)ethylidene>-α-D-galactopyranose 
• 95672-81-4 1,2-O-<(1-exo-cyano)ethylidene>-6-O-trityl-α-D-galactopyranose 
• 67-56-1 methanol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

A novel low-molecular-mass pumpkin polysaccharide: Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic potential

The novel natural low-molecular-mass polysaccharide (SLWPP-3) from pumpkin (Cucurbia moschata) was separated from the waste supernatant after macromolecular polysaccharide production and purified using a DEAE cellulose-52 column and gel-filtration chromatography. Chemical and instrumental studies revealed that SLWPP-3 with a molecular mass of 3.5 kDa was composed of rhamnose, glucose, arabinose, galactose and uronic acid with a weight ratio of 1: 1: 4: 6: 15, and primarily contained →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-GalpA-(1→(OMe), →4)-α-GalpA-(1→, →2,4)-α-D-Rhap-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp, and →4)-β-D-Galp residues in the backbone. The branch chain passes were connected to the main chain through the O-4 atom of glucose and O-3 atom of arabinose. Physiologically, the ability of SLWPP-3 to inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and DPPH and ABTS radicals, as well as protect pancreatic β cells from oxidative damage by decreasing MDA levels and increasing SOD activities, was confirmed. The findings elucidated the structural types of pumpkin polysaccharides and revealed a potential adjuvant natural product with hypoglycemic effects.

Structural elucidation of three novel oligosaccharides from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flower tea and their bioactivities

Coreopsis tinctoria is commonly called Kunlun Chrysanthemum and a plateau plant with tremendous commercial value in functional tea and medicinal applications. In folk medicine, Kunlun Chrysanthemum flower is often used as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. To further explore the chemicals responsible for the health benefits of Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers, three homogeneous oligosaccharides, CT70-1A, CT70-1B and CT70-2 were isolated, and their detailed structures were determined from chemical and spectral analyses. The three oligosaccharides were composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose in different ratios. They showed dose-dependent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. In addition, they showed NO production inhibitory activities in BV2 cells, with IC50 values of 0.23, 0.24 and 0.27 mM, respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that Kunlun Chrysanthemum oligosaccharides might ameliorate hyperglycemia and neuroinflammation, which could prevent the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This study provides chemical and bioactive perspectives that support the consumption of Kunlun Chrysanthemum flower tea for health benefits.

Structural Variation and Microrheological Properties of a Homogeneous Polysaccharide from Wheat Germ

A novel polysaccharide (WGP) was purified from crude wheat germ polysaccharide by Sephacryl S-500HRgel filtration. The molecular weight of WGP was determined as 4.89 × 106 Da and consisted of arabinose, xylose, glucose, and galactose. Methylation analysis and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance was used to analyze the structural characterization of WGP. WGP was mainly a backbone composed of (1 → 4)-linked-β-d-Xylp (19.01%) and (1 → 3, 4)-linked-β-d-Xylp (26.27%) residues, which was branched of (1 → 5)-linked α-l-Araf (28.09%) and (1 → 3,6)-linked β-d-Galp (12.11%) with β-d-Glcp (14.52%) as terminal unit. The calculated values of Turbiscan stability indexes suggested that WGP (0.1-0.5 mg/mL) is a stable system. Microrheology results showed that WGP can form gel behavior when the concentration of WGP ranges from 0.1 to 3 mg/mL. Results of in vitro assays showed that WGP could cause the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages, upregulating the release of TNF-α and IL-8 in the lymphocytes.

Isolation, purification and structural characterization of a water-soluble polysaccharide HM41 from Halenia elliptica D. Don

A water-soluble polysaccharide, HM41, was obtained from Halenia elliptica D. Don by acidic ethanol fractionation and gel filtration. Its homogeneity was confirmed by chromatography using multiple systems. HM41 was composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc) with a molar ratio of 1.0:5.5:1.8:3.0:9.4:21. The average molecular weight of HM41 was approximately 1.17 × 104. Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation and GC, IR, NMR, XRD, GC-MS analysis were used for the structural analysis of HM41. Its main chain was composed mainly of β-(1 → 4)Gal, β-(1 → 4)Glc and β-(1 → 6)Glc. β-(1 → 4)Gal were substituted at 6-O and on average there were 14 branches among 23 main chain residues; (1 → 4)Glc had no branch; (1 → 6)Glc were substituted at 3-O and on average there were 9 branches among 14 main chain residues. The side chain was composed of (1 → 3,6)-Rha, (1 → 4)/(1 → 5)-Ara, (1 → 4)/(1 → 5)-Xyl, (1 → 4,6)-Man and (1 → 2)-Glc. The terminal residue was composed of Ara, Xyl, Man, Gal, and Glc. Then, we demonstrated that HM and HM41 had strong scavenging activities in vitro hydroxyl. Overall, HM and HM41 may have potential applications in the antioxidants for medical and food industry.

Isolation and chemical characterization of a glucogalactomannan of the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris

Cordyceps militaris dried fruiting bodies were extracted with 5% KOH solution. The extract was purified by freeze-thawing treatment, and dialysis (100 kDa), giving rise to a homogeneous polysaccharide (Mw 23,000 Da). Its monosaccharide composition was mannose (56.7%), galactose (34.5%), and glucose (8.8%). The anomeric configurations were determined by their coupling constants. A complex polysaccharide was identified by NMR and methylation analysis. The HSQC spectrum showed signals at δ 107.7/5.06 and 106.1/5.14; 105.9/5.12 relative to β-D-Galf, and O-2-substituted β-D-Galf units, respectively. The sign at δ 104.4/5.21 corresponded to α-D-Galf. Other signals corresponded to α-D-Manp O-6- and O-2-substituted (δ 100.2/4.94; 100.5/5.27; 100.6/5.23; 100.7/5.16), and δ-D-Manp 2,6-di-O-substituted (from δ 99.3 to 99.9). The main linkages, confirmed by methylation analysis, showed the derivatives: 2,3,4-Me3-Manp (11.9%) and 3,4,6-Me3-Manp (28.6%). The branches were (1 → 6)-linked-α-D-Manp or (1 → 2)-linked-β-D-Galf, terminating with β-D-Galf, α-D-Galf, α-D-Galp, or α-D-Manp. 42.7% of the partially hydrolyzed product consisted of 3,4,6-Me3-Manp, suggesting a (1 → 2)-linked backbone.

A facile method for the synthesis of partially O-methylated alditol acetate standards for GC-MS analysis of galactofuranose-containing structures

Mixtures of partially O-methylated alditol acetate standards of galactofuranose were synthesized rapidly. Methyl galactofuranosides were obtained with a yield of 79.9% within 4 h under optimized reaction conditions. Methylation of methyl glycosides was carried out in the presence of BaO/Ba(OH)2·8H2O, giving rise to mixtures of partially methylated glycosides. The batch containing the most diverse structures of methyl ethers was converted into partially O-methylated alditol acetates (PMAAs) and then subjected to GC-MS. These PMAAs could be used as GC-MS standards for simultaneous identification of galactofuranose units with diverse linkages in complex carbohydrates.

Structural characterization and protective effect against murine sepsis of fucogalactans from Agaricus bisporus and Lactarius rufus

Fucogalactans from edible Agaricus bisporus (RFP-Ab) and wild Lactarius rufus (RFP-Lr) mushrooms were obtained on aqueous extraction followed by purification. RFP-Ab had Mw 43.8 × 104 g mol -1 and RFP-Lr Mw 1.4

Chemical analysis of an immunoenhancing water-soluble polysaccharide of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus florida blue variant

An immunoenhancing polysaccharide isolated from the aqueous extract of the fruit bodies of the mushroom, Pleurotus florida blue variant, was found to consist of d-glucose and d-galactose in a molar ratio of nearly 5:1. On the basis of sugar analysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and NMR studies (1H, 13C, DEPT-135, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: The molecule activated macrophages, splenocytes, and thymocytes.

Furostan saponin and GC-MS study toward ascertaining the point of linkage between sugars moieties of spirostan saponin from the rhizomes of Agapanthus africanus (Linn.)

The linkage between the sugars moieties of antifungal spirostan saponin, (25R)-5α-spirost-7-en-2α,3β,5α-triol-3-O-{-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)] -β-D-glucopyranoside} of Agapanthus africanus (Linn.) have been determined by the analysis of GC-MS spectra of alditol acetates of the partially methylated sugars and the structures of the spirostan saponin and furostan saponin, 22-O-methyl-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-2α, 3β,5α,9α,22ζ,26-hexitol-3-O-{-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1→2)-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside} isolated from the rhizomes of the A. africanus have been established by various spectral evidences. This is the first report of furostan saponin in A. africanus rhizomes as well as first account of the use of GC-MS technique to ascertain the linkage between the saccharide moieties of the active constituent of the plant.

Marine natural products. XXVIII. The structures of sarasinosides A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3, nine new norlanostane-triterpenoidal oligoglycosides from the palauan marine sponge Asteropus sarasinosum

The chemical structures of sarasinosides A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3, nine 30-norlanostane-triterpenoidal oligoglycosides isolated from the Palauan marine sponge Asteropus sarasinosum have been elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Sarasinosides A2 (2) and A3 (3) were shown to he the 7,9(11)-diene and 8,14-diene analogs of sarasinoside A1 (1), whereas sarasinosides B2 (7) and B3 (9) were the 7,9(11)-diene and 8,14-diene analogs of sarasinoside B1 (5), respectively. Similar structural correlations of sarasinosides C2 (6) and C3 (8) with sarasinoside C1 (4) were demonstrated. These sarasinosides characteristically contain one mole each of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine in their oligosaccharide moieties.