20730-99-8

Usage

Physical form

White crystalline solid

Primary use

Chemical intermediate in the production of other organic compounds

Common applications

Synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes

Utility

Reagent in organic chemistry, particularly in the preparation of various aromatic derivatives

Significance

Important role in the development and production of a wide range of chemical products

InChI:InChI=1/C16H13NO2/c1-10-6-5-7-11(2)14(10)17-15(18)12-8-3-4-9-13(12)16(17)19/h3-9H,1-2H3

Upstream product

• 85-44-9 phthalic anhydride 
• 87-62-7 2,6-dimethylaniline 
• 7677-24-9 trimethylsilyl cyanide 
• 88-67-5 2-Iodobenzoic acid 
• 83-33-0 inden-1-one 
• 3481-09-2 N-chlorophthalimide 
• 108-38-3 m-xylene 
• 136918-14-4 phthalimide 

Downstream Products

• 113439-96-6 2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)isoindoline 
• 134750-55-3 2-hydroxymethyl-benzoic acid-(2,6-dimethyl-anilide) 
• 802971-38-6 N-(2,6-bis-trichloromethyl-phenyl)-phthalimide 
• 109700-55-2 2-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-isoindolinium; iodide 
• 119077-36-0 2-(phenylcarbamoyloxy-methyl)-benzoic acid-(2,6-dimethyl-anilide) 
• 122679-12-3 2-(2,6-dimethyl-anilinomethyl)-benzyl alcohol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

“On water” nano-Cu2O-catalyzed CO-free one-pot multicomponent cascade cyanation-annulation-aminolysis reaction toward phthalimides

An efficient nano-Cu2O-catalyzed cascade multicomponent reaction of 2-halobenzoic acids and trimethylsilyl cyanide with diverse amines was developed using water as a solvent, affording versatileN-substituted phthalimide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. This novel strategy features carbon monoxide gas-free, environmentally benign, one-pot multistep transformation, commercially available reagents, a cheap catalyst without any additives, wide functional group tolerance, and operational convenience.

Visible-Light-Induced Metal-/Photocatalyst-Free C-H Bond Imidation of Arenes

In this study, a visible-light-induced intermolecular C-H bond imidation of arenes was achieved at ambient condition. By using simple phthalimide with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene and molecular iodine, direct metal-/photocatalyst-free C-N bond formation was achieved. The imidation protocol was designed by using time-dependent density functional theory calculations and experimentally demonstrated for 28 substrates with as high as 96% yield. Mechanistic studies indicated that radical-mediated aromatic substitution occurred via photolysis of N-iodophthalimide under visible-light irradiation.

Palladium Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Biaryl Amides through Decarbonylative Arylation of Phthalimides

The Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed cross-coupling of N-substituted phthalimides with aryl halide provides a single step direct access of a wide range of synthetically appealing ortho-substituted biarylamides in high yields through unique carbonyl (CO) replacement. The reaction proceeds through a ligand-free condition and is well tolerant to the diverse functionality of both imide and halide units. The reaction negates any requirement of organometallic reagent and needs a shorter reaction time and comparatively lower temperature as required for previously reported decarbonylative processes.

Synthetic method for N-substituted imide

The invention provides a synthetic method for N-substituted imide. According to the method, aromatic ketone and amine are used as substrates, air or oxygen is used as an oxygen source, and cyclic imide is produced under liquid phase conditions under the action of a catalyst. The method is mild in conditions, high in oxidation efficiency and high in product yield; and since the method uses air or oxygen as the oxygen source, the method is economic and environment-friendly and has good application prospect.

Phthalimide-N-sulfonic acid, an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of various isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives

An environmentally friendly method is described for the synthesis of various isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives from the reaction of phthalic anhydride with aromatic/aliphatic amines in ethanol at 80 °C by phthalimide-N-sulfonic acid as an efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst. Some advantages include the metal-free and environmentally friendly protocol, simple operation and reusable processes, easy recovery, short reaction times, and high yields.

Mechanochemical synthesis of phthalimides with crystal structures of intermediates and products

A series of phthalimides have been successfully synthesized in the solid state by grinding (or kneading) of substituted phthalic anhydride and aniline derivatives. Selected products and intermediates were crystallized and characterized by crystallography leading to a potential rationale for the solid-state reactivity that suggests that co-crystals could serve as intermediates. This journal is

Regioselective gold-catalyzed oxidative C-N bond formation

A novel protocol for the regioselective intermolecular amination of various arenes has been developed. By using an I(III) oxidant in the presence of a Au(I) catalyst, a direct and novel route for regioselectively accessing a variety of substituted aniline moieties has been achieved with yields as high as 90%. Mechanistic insight suggests that regioselectivity can be predicted based on electrophilic aromatic metalation patterns.

Cuprous Oxide Catalyzed Oxidative C-C Bond Cleavage for C-N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Ketones and Amines

Selective oxidative cleavage of a C-C bond offers a straightforward method to functionalize organic skeletons. Reported herein is the oxidative C-C bond cleavage of ketone for C-N bond formation over a cuprous oxide catalyst with molecular oxygen as the oxidant. A wide range of ketones and amines are converted into cyclic imides with moderate to excellent yields. In-depth studies show that both α-C-H and β-C-H bonds adjacent to the carbonyl groups are indispensable for the C-C bond cleavage. DFT calculations indicate the reaction is initiated with the oxidation of the α-C-H bond. Amines lower the activation energy of the C-C bond cleavage, and thus promote the reaction. New insight into the C-C bond cleavage mechanism is presented.

Nitrogen-centered radical-mediated C-H imidation of arenes and heteroarenes via visible light induced photocatalysis

The C-H imidation of arenes and heteroarenes has been achieved via visible light induced photocatalysis. In the presence of an iridium(iii) photoredox catalyst, the reaction of aromatic substrates with N-chlorophthalimide furnishes the N-aryl products at room temperature through a nitrogen-centered radical mediated aromatic substitution.

Metal-free intermolecular oxidative C-N bond formation via tandem C-H and N-H bond functionalization

The development of a novel intermolecular oxidative amination reaction, a synthetic transformation that involves the simultaneous functionalization of both a N-H and C-H bond, is described. The process, which is mediated by an I(III) oxidant and contains no metal catalysts, provides a rapid and green method for synthesizing protected anilines from simple arenes and phthalimide. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction proceeds via nucleophilic attack of the phthalimide on an aromatic radical cation, as opposed to the electrophilic aromatic amination that has been reported for other I(III) amination reactions. The application of this new reaction to the synthesis of a variety of substituted aniline derivatives is demonstrated.