7677-24-9 Usage
Description
Trimethylsilyl cyanide, also known as Cyanotrimethylsilane, is a versatile reagent used in organic synthesis. It is a colorless volatile liquid with an almond odor and is soluble in most organic solvents such as dichloromethane and chloroform. It reacts violently with protic solvents like water. It is used as a replacement for highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to introduce cyano groups into molecules.
Uses
1. Used in the synthesis of optically active cyanohydrins:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of optically active cyanohydrins, which are valuable synthetic intermediates.
2. Used in the preparation of Reissert compounds:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is used in the preparation of Reissert compounds, which are reactive polyamides.
3. Used in carbonyl aminomethylation:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) participates in carbonyl aminomethylation via α-silyloxy nitriles.
4. Used in the second step of an oxidative Michael addition of cyanide anion to Baylis–Hillman adducts:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is used in this reaction, which is important for converting products into a variety of compounds, including γ-aminobutyric acids.
5. Used in cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is used in the cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds using various catalysts.
6. Used in the synthesis of α-aminonitriles:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is used in a one-pot, three-component Strecker reaction of ketones with various amines using Br?nsted acid catalyst.
7. Used in the cyanation of aryl halides:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is used in the cyanation of aryl halides using a palladium-complex as a catalyst.
8. Used in the transformation of aldehydes and ketones:
Trimethylsilyl cyanide reacts with aldehydes and ketones to give cyanohydrin-TMS ethers, which can be reduced to β-aminoethyl alcohols.
9. Used in the synthesis of various synthetic intermediates:
Cyanohydrins, obtained from the reactions involving trimethylsilyl cyanide, can be subsequently transformed into a variety of useful synthetic intermediates.
Please note that trimethylsilyl cyanide is toxic to humans and should be handled with care.
Preparation
Trimethylsilyl cyanide, (CH3)3 Si-CN, is obtained by reacting trimethylsilyl chloride with an approximately equimolar amount of an alkali metal cyanide in the absence of water and in the presence of catalytic, sub-stoichiometric amounts of both an alkali metal iodide and N-methylpyrrolidone, at a temperature of from 15°-25° C.
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is very toxic. All reactions in this sequence should be carried out in a hood.
Preparation of trimethylsilyl cyanide
TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE: CYANOSILATION OF p-BENZOQUINONE
Reactions
Trimethylsilyl cyanide is a useful silicon reagent which reacts readily with aldehydes and ketones in the presence of catalytic amounts of Lewis acids or of cyanide ion, to give the trimethylsilyl ethers of the corresponding cyanohydrins (Evans,Carroll and Truesdale,1974).Even normally unreactive ketones react readily with trimethylsilyl cyanide due to the formation of the strong Si-O bond which displaces the equilibrium in favour of the derivative.The reaction provides a valuable alternative to the base-catalysed addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyl compounds which often gives only poor yields.Tetralone，for example,is reported not to form a cyanohydrin, but it gives a trimethylsilyl derivative in excellent yield.The silylated cyanohydrins can be hydrolysed to a-hydroxy acids(Corey, Crouse and Anderson,1975) and on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride they afford the corresponding 3-amino alcohols in excellent yield.This sequence provides a better route to these valuable intermediates (they are used in the ring expansion of cyclo- alkanones)than the classical methods through reaction of hydrogen cyanide or nitromethane with the carbonyl compound.The derivatives from aromatic aldehydes are excellent acyl anion equivalents and have been used in 'umpolung' conversion of aldehydes into ketones and acyloins by reaction of the derived anions with alkyl halides and aldehydes or ketones (Deuchert et al，1979;Hnig and Wehner,1979).
Purification Methods
The material should have only one sharp signal in the 1H NMR (in CCl4 with CHCl3 as internal standard) : 0.4ppm and IR with max at 2210cm1 [McBride & Beachall J Am Chem Soc 74 5247 1952, Prober J Am Chem Soc 77 3224 1955]; otherwise purify it by fractionating through an 18 x 1/4inch column. [Evers et al. J Am Chem Soc 81 4493 1959.] It has also been carefully distilled using a 60cm vacuum jacketed column. If the volume of sample is small, the cyanide can be chased (in the distillation) with xylene that had been previously distilled over P2O5. It is HIGHLY TOXIC and FLAMMABLE. [Evans et al. J Org Chem 39 914 1974, Beilstein 4 IV 3893.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7677-24-9 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,6,7 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7677-24:
(6*7)+(5*6)+(4*7)+(3*7)+(2*2)+(1*4)=129
129 % 10 = 9
So 7677-24-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C4H9NSi/c1-6(2,3)4-5/h1-3H3
7677-24-9Relevant articles and documents
Uznanski,Stec
, p. 154 (1978)
An Improved Synthesis of Cyanotrimethylsilane
Reetz, M. T.,Chatziiosifidis, I.
, p. 330 (1982)
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Alkoxycyanoborates: Metal salts and low-viscosity ionic liquids
Finze, Maik,Ignat'Ev, Nikolai V.,Reiss, Guido J.,Schopper, Nils,Sprenger, Jan A. P.,Zapf, Ludwig
, p. 14973 - 14987 (2021/09/04)
Syntheses of alkoxytricyanoborates and dialkoxydicyanoborates are described using different readily available boron-based starting compounds such as tetrahydrido-, tetrafluoro-, and tetraalkoxyborates, as well as trimethoxyborane and trimethylsilylcyanide as cyano sources. The salts obtained have been characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DSC and DTA measurements. In addition to alkali metal salts, room temperature ionic liquids [EMIm][ROB(CN)3] (R = CH3, C2H5, CH2CF3) have been prepared. These ionic liquids exhibit very low melting points or glass transition temperatures, low viscosities, and high chemical, thermal, and electrochemical stabilities. The influence of alkyl chain length and the effect of partial fluorination of the alkoxy group on these properties have been elucidated. The advantageous physicochemical properties, in general, and in conjunction with the easy accessibility make alkoxytricyanoborate-ILs interesting compounds for potential applications in materials sciences. Furthermore, the Li salt of the [CH3OB(CN)3]- ions was prepared and found to provide a significantly higher solubility in propylene carbonate compared to lithium tetracyanoborate. Alkali metal salts Li[CH3OB(CN)3]·H2O, Na[CH3OB(CN)3]·H2O, K[CH3OB(CN)3], Na[C2H5OB(CN)3], and Na[CF3CH2OB(CN)3]·0.5H2O have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This journal is
Di- and tetrametallic hafnocene oxamidides prepared from CO-induced N 2 bond cleavage and thermal rearrangement to hafnocene cyanide derivatives
Semproni, Scott P.,Margulieux, Grant W.,Chirik, Paul J.
, p. 6278 - 6287,10 (2020/08/24)
Carbonylation of the hafnocene dinitrogen complex [(η5- C5H2-1,2,4-Me3)2Hf] 2(μ2,η2:η2-N 2) with 4 atm of carbon monoxide yielded the tetrametall
Efficient synthesis of trimethylsilyl pseudohalides catalyzed by PEG400/ZnI2 under ultrasound irradiation
Sufang, Wang,Shaobing, Wang,Yongshen, Xu
, p. 1271 - 1276 (2007/10/03)
Trimethylsilyl pseudohalides Me3SiX, where X = NCS, NCO, or CN, were readily prepared conveniently in desirable yields by the reaction of Me3SiCl with NaX or KX catalyzed by PEG400 and zinc iodide under ultrasound irradiation. Copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc.
