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Upstream product

• 498-66-8 norborn-2-ene 
• 70-55-3 toluene-4-sulfonamide 
• 498-66-8 norbornene 
• 497-37-0 exo-2-norbornanol 
• 279-23-2 norbornene 
• 55962-05-5 [N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinane 
• 497-36-9 Norborneol 
• 4948-76-9 3-Tosyl-3-aza-tricyclo(3.2.1.0^2.4-exo)octan 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

BiCl3-catalyzed hydroamination of norbornene with aromatic amines

A BiCl3-catalyzed hydroamination reaction of norbornene, in which a variety of electron-withdrawing groups were tolerated on amines, was presented. The current transformation possesses the advantages of being highly selective, cheap, and eco-fr

Iron-Catalyzed Hydroamination and Hydroetherification of Unactivated Alkenes

The hydrofunctionalization of alkenes, explored for over 100 years, offers the potential for a direct, atom-economical approach to value-added products. While thermodynamically favored, the kinetic barrier to such processes necessitates the use of catalysts to control selectivity and reactivity. Modern variants typically rely on noble metals that require different ligands for each class of hydrofunctionalization, thereby limiting generality. This Letter describes a general iron-based system that catalyzes the hydroamination and hydroetherification of simple unactivated olefins.

Organocatalytic nitrenoid transfer: Metal-free selective intermolecular C(sp3)-H amination catalyzed by an iminium salt

This report details the first organocatalytic method for nitrenoid transfer and its application to intermolecular, site-selective C(sp3)-H amination. The method utilizes a trifluoromethyl iminium salt as the catalyst, iminoiodinanes as the nitrogen source, and substrate as the limiting reagent. Activated, benzylic, and aliphatic substrates can all be selectively functionalized in yields up to 87%. A mechanistic proposal for the observed reactivity supported by experimental evidence invokes the intermediacy of a diaziridinium salt or related organic nitrenoid, species that have not been previously explored for the purpose of C-H amination. Finally, examples of late-stage functionalization of complex molecules highlight the selectivity and potential utility of this catalytic method in synthesis.

On the understanding of BF3·Et2O-promoted intra- and intermolecular amination and oxygenation of unfunctionalized olefins

BF3·Et2O was found to be effective for both intra- and intermolecular amination and oxygenation of unfunctionalized olefins. In the presence of 3 equiv. of BF3·Et2O, intramolecular hydroamination of N-(pent-4-enyl)-p-toluenesulfonamides, N-(hex-5-enyl)-p-toluenesulfonamides, intermolecular hydroamination between sulfonamides and cyclohexene, norbornene or styrene, lactonization of pent-4-enoic acid or hex-5-enoic acid compounds and esterification of cyclohexene with different carboxylic acids all proceeded readily, leading to the corresponding amination or oxygenation products in up to 99% isolated yields. Preliminary NMR experiments and DFT calculations suggested that the intramolecular hydroamination reactions proceeded via a sulfonimidic acid intermediate (N=S-OH), and formation of the corresponding Bronsted acid HF or HBF4 was less likely.

Mono- vs. dinuclear gold-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamidation

Mono- and dinuclear gold catalysts were investigated in the intermolecular hydroamidation of olefins. Upon activation of [Ph3PAuCl] and [xantphos(AuCl)2] with various silver salts (AgOTf, Ag[BF 4], and Ag[SbF6]), diverging reactivity of the resulting cationic gold complexes was observed. It was found that both the binding ability of the counterion and the solvent have a significant impact on the reactivity of the mono- and dinuclear complexes. Copyright

Iron(III) triflimide as a catalytic substitute for gold(I) in hydroaddition reactions to unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds

In this work it is shown that iron(III) and gold(I) triflimide efficiently catalyze the hydroaddition of a wide array of nucleophiles including water, alcohols, thiols, amines, alkynes, and alkenes to multiple C-C bonds. The study of the catalytic activity and selectivity of iron(III), gold(I), and Bronsted triflimides has unveiled that iron(III) triflimide [Fe(NTf 2)3] is a robust catalyst under heating conditions, whereas gold(I) triflimide, even stabilized by PPh3, readily decomposes at 80 °C and releases triflimidic acid (HNTf2) that can catalyze the corresponding reaction, as shown by in situ 19F, 15N, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The results presented here demonstrate that each of the two catalyst types has weaknesses and strengths and complement each other. Iron(III) triflimide can act as a substitute of gold(I) triflimide as a catalyst for hydroaddition reactions to unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Lewis and Bronsted catalysis: It is shown that iron(III) catalyses as efficiently as gold(I) the hydroaddition of a wide array of nucleophiles, including water, alcohols, thiols, amines, alkynes, and alkenes, to multiple C-C bonds (see scheme). Copyright

Iridium-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated aliphatic alkenes with amides and sulfonamides

The intermolecular addition of N-H bonds to unactivated alkenes remains a challenging, but desirable, strategy for the synthesis of N-alkylamines. We report the intermolecular amination of unactivated α-olefins and bicycloalkenes with arylamides and sulfonamides to generate synthetically useful protected amine products in high yield. Mechanistic studies on this rare catalytic reaction revealed a resting state that is the product of N-H bond oxidative addition and coordination of the amide. Rapid, reversible dissociation of the amide precedes reaction with the alkene, but an intramolecular, kinetically significant rearrangement of the species occurs before this reaction with alkene.

Gold versus silver-catalyzed intermolecular hydroaminations of alkenes and dienes

Comparative studies about the hydroamination of unactivated alkenes and dienes catalyzed by either cationic gold(I) triphenyl phosphite complexes or silver salts were performed using sulfonamides, anilines and carbamates as nucleophiles. Gold-catalyzed reactions generally, need lower loadings than those carried out with silver salts. Simple alkenes react only with sulfonamides and weak aromatic amines such as p-nitroaniline, whereas for conjugated dienes carbamates can also be used. Carbon-carbon double bond isomerization is observed only with gold similarly to when triflic acid was used, affording mixtures of regioisomeric products in the same cases. Silver-catalyzed hydroaminations failed with terminal alkenes, except with styrenes. Conjugate dienes can be hydroaminated either at 85 °C in toluene or at room temperature in dichloromethane. Non-conjugated 1,4- and 1,5-dienes suffer double hydroamination leading to saturated N-tosylated heterocyclic amines The catalytic cycle for the silver(I)-catalyzed hydroamination process has been computationally analyzed, resembling gold(I)-catalyzed processes, although with some significant differences. Copyright

The hydroamination of alkenes with sulfonamides catalyzed by the recyclable silica gel supported triflic acid

The vast applications of triflic acid (TfOH) in catalysis are severely limited by its corrosive and fuming properties. Immobilization of TfOH on silica gel well solves these problems and affords efficient recovery and reusability of TfOH. Two types of supported TfOH, the prepared silica gel supported TfOH and the in situ silica gel adsorbed TfOH, both exhibit good catalytic activity and reusability in the hydroamination of alkene with sulfonamide. The in situ silica gel adsorbed catalyst has been used for 5 runs with maintained reactivities and yields, which are superior to the performance of the prepared silica gel supported TfOH. For a series of alkenes and various sulfonamides, the heterogeneous hydroamination reactions catalyzed by both types of silica gel supported TfOH to afford similar moderate to excellent yields.

Recyclable gallium as catalyst precursor for a convenient and solvent-free method for the intermolecular addition of sulfonamides to alkenes

Gallium(III) iodide, which is conveniently formed in situ from gallium and iodine, is a competent catalyst for the inter- and intramolecular addition of p-toluenesulfonamides to alkenes. After each reaction, the metallic gallium can easily be recycled and used for subsequent transformations. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.