222017-54-1Relevant articles and documents
Steric and electronic factors in the promoting activity of diphosphine ligands in cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation catalyzed by palladium acetate
Nifant'ev,Batashev,Toloraya,Tavtorkin,Sevost'yanova,Vorob'ev,Bagrov,Aver'yanov
, p. 462 - 469 (2012)
Cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation catalyzed by Pd(OAc) 2-p-Toluenesulfonic acid-diphos-phine systems has been investigated for a wide range of diphosphine structures and concentrations. The fac-Tors controlling the activity of the palladium-containing catalysts include the hydrocarbon moiety of the ligand and the mutual arrangement of the phosphine groups. A comparison between the promoting effects of monophosphine and diphosphine ligands has demonstrated that bridged trans-diphosphines are more effi-cient in kinetic and concentration terms (TOF and P/Pd ratio, respectively). In particular, the promoting activity of diphosphines is one order of magnitude higher than that of triphenylphosphine, and this effect is attained at 8-65 times lower P/Pd ratios. It is discussed how the catalytic properties of the systems depend on the chelate effect and on the geometric compatibility between the diphosphine structure and the arrange-ment of vacant s and d orbitals of the palladium center. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
Process for the preparation of lactones from higher alkenols
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, (2008/06/13)
Process for the preparation of lactones, having 4 or 5 carbon atoms in the ring by reacting a higher alkenol with a carbon monoxide containing gas in the presence of a catalytic system comprising (a) a palladium compound, (b) a bidentate phosphine, arsine and/or stibine, and (c) a protonic acid having a pKa 2.
Process for the preparation of aldehydes
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, (2008/06/13)
Process for the preparation of aldehydes by hydroformylation of an alkenically unsaturated compound in the presence of (a) Pd, a Pd compound, Pt and/or a Pt compound, (b) an anion of a carboxylic acid with a pKa 1 R2 -M-R-M-R3 R4, wherein M is P, As or Sb, R is a divalent organic bridging group having at least 3 carbon atoms in the bridge, and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are hydrocarbon groups.
Process for the coproduction of anilines and oxamides
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, (2008/06/13)
A process for the coproduction of anilines of the formula wherein X is a halogen atom, an alkyl-, alkoxy-, aryloxy-, cyano-, ester- or trifluoromethyl group and n is an integer from 0 to 5, and oxamides of the formula wherein each R independently is an alkyl group which comprises reacting an aromatic nitro compound of the general formula wherein X and n are as defined above with carbon monoxide and a molar excess in relation to the nitro compound of an amine HNR2 wherein R is an alkyl group, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising (a) palladium metal or a compound thereof, (b) a bidentate ligand of the formula, R1R2--M--A--M--R3R4, in which M is P, As or Sb, A is a divalent organic bridging group having at least 2 carbon atoms in the bridge, none of these carbon atoms carrying substituents that may cause steric hindrance, and R1,R2,R3 and R4 represent similar or dissimilar optionally substituted hydrocarbon groups, and (c) an acid or a transition metal salt of said acid.
Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds
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, (2008/06/13)
Process for the preparation of a carboxylic ester or acid by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated compound in which each of the carbon atoms of the carbon-carbon double bond is secondary or tertiary, with CO in the presence of an alkanol or water, respectively, and of a catalytic system prepared by combining:-, a) Pd and/or a Pd compound, b) a strong acid, except hydrohalogenic and carboxylic acids, and c) a bidentate ligand, using a molar ratio of acid to ligand of greater than 0.5.
Process for the preparation of urea derivatives and catalyst system
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, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of urea derivatives of the general formula wherein R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen atom, an alkyl-, alkoxy-, aryloxy-, cyano-, ester- or trifluoromethyl group and n is from 0 to 5,which comprises reacting an aromatic nitro compound of the general formula wherein X and n are as defined above with carbon monoxide and an amine HNR2 wherein R is an alkyl group,in the presence of a catalyst system comprising (a) a group VIII noble metal or a compound thereof, (b) a bidentate ligand and (c) an acid having a pKa of more than 2 or a transition metal salt of said acid.