2225-98-1Relevant articles and documents
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Settine,R.L.,McDaniel,C.
, p. 2910 - 2912 (1967)
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Self-assembled Na12[WZn3(ZnW9O 34)2] as an industrially attractive multi-purpose catalyst for oxidations with aqueous hydrogen peroxide
Witte, Peter T.,Alsters, Paul L.,Jary, Walther,Muellner, Ruth,Poechlauer, Peter,Sloboda-Rozner, Dorit,Neumann, Ronny
, p. 524 - 531 (2004)
Eleven W-based catalyst systems for alkene epoxidation with aqueous H 2O2 were compared under identical conditions and at equal level of 0.1 mol % W-atoms. Of these, those based on a combination of H 2WO4 and a methyltrioctylammonium phase transfer catalyst turned out to be most active in particular systems that contain a source of phosphate. Evidence is presented that under our conditions the actual epoxidizing species in H2WO4-based catalyst systems without phosphate source is mononuclear [WO(OH)(O2)2] - rather than binuclear [{WO(O2)2} 2O]2- that is usually thought to be active. For large-scale applications, however, the polyoxometalate Na12[WZn 3-(ZnW9O34)2] (NaZnPOM) in combination with a suitable phase transfer catalyst such as methyltrioctylammonium chloride is preferred over H2WO 4-based catalysts. This preference results from the fact that use of H2WO4 requires a catalyst activation step that is troublesome on a large scale, whereas epoxidations catalyzed by NaZnPOM start without induction period on addition of H2O2. Optimizations of epoxidations catalyzed by QCl/NaZnPOM or QCl/H 2WO4 have shown that the optimum Q/W ratio depends on the alkene that is epoxidized and differs from that expected from catalyst stoichiometry. An attractive feature of NaZnPOM from the viewpoint of industrial applicability is that epoxidations and other reactions with H2O 2 are efficiently catalyzed by a readily available aqueous solution of NaZnPOM prepared through self-assembly. A 1 mol scale example is provided of an epoxidation catalyzed by a combination of self-assembled NaZnPOM and Luviquat mono CP as a multifunctional cocatalyst with emulsifying, buffering, and phase-transferring properties.
Method for preparing 3 - caranol 3 - carene (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0012-0013; 0015-0018, (2020/08/27)
A method for preparing 3 - caranol 3 - carene relates to the deep processing of 3 - carene. 3 - Carene, an oxidant and a solvent are mixed, stirred and heated to react, acetic anhydride is added, 3,4 - epoxycarane is obtained after flash distillation, 3,4 - carane of the product 3 - is obtained after rectification and purification. To the method for ring oxidation and hydrogenation ring opening, 3 - carene is converted into 3 - caranol, and meanwhile, the method has higher yield, has a prospect of replacing other terpene alcohol such as terpineol, and can achieve higher economic benefits. (by machine translation)
Optimization of the lipase mediated epoxidation of monoterpenes using the design of experiments—Taguchi method
Ranganathan, Sumanth,Tebbe, Johannes,Wiemann, Lars O.,Sieber, Volker
, p. 1479 - 1485 (2016/10/03)
This work deals with the optimization of the Candida antartica lipase B (CALB) mediated epoxidation of monoterpenes by using the design of experiments (DoE) working with the Taguchi Method. Epoxides are essential organic intermediates that find various industrial applications making the epoxidation one of the most investigated processes in chemical industry. As many as 8 parameters such as the reaction medium, carboxylic acid type, carboxylic acid concentration, temperature, monoterpene type, monoterpene concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration and amount of lipase were optimized using as less as 18 runs in triplicates (54 runs). As a result, the hydrogen peroxide concentration used was found to be the most influential parameter of this process while the type of monoterpene was least influential. Scaling up of the reaction conditions according to the findings of the optimization achieved full conversion in less than 6?h. In addition, a purification process for the epoxides was developed leading to an isolated yield of ca. 72.3%, 88.8% and 62.5% for α-pinene, 3-carene and limonene, respectively.