22978-83-2

Upstream product

• 1124-11-4 Tetramethylpyrazine 
• 76494-51-4 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride 

Downstream Products

• 75907-74-3 2-Pyrazinemethanol,3,5,6-trimethyl 
• 186534-02-1 3,5,6-trimethyl-pyrazine-2-carbaldehyde 
• 1000672-71-8 (E)-2-(4-methoxylstyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Oxidation methods for aromatic diazines: Substituted pyrazine-N-oxides, pyrazine-N,N′-dioxides, and 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-1,1″-dioxide

In the course of investigations into the intermolecular interactions of azaaromatic N-oxides it was necessary to perform oxidations of the pyridine and pyrazine moieties. Generally, it was found that direct oxidation with OXONE gave efficient preparation of pyrazine dioxides. Oxidation with dimethyldioxirane was used to preclude problems associated with the isolation of particularly hydrophilic pyrazine and pyrazine-N-oxides.

Synthesis of the novel liqustrazine derivatives and their protective effect on injured vascular endothelial cell damaged by hydrogen peroxide

A series of novel 2-acyloxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine derivatives was designed and synthesized. Most compounds were found to be 1.5-4.5-fold higher potency than tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in stimulating the proliferation of normal vascular endothelial cells and in protecting against hyperoxic acute injury. The most active one is the 2-nicotinoyl ester 5a exhibiting the maximum proliferation rate (Pmax) of 88.57% at the concentration of 0.1 mmol L-1. Structure-activity relationships of these compounds were discussed.

Novel ligustrazine derivative as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention provides a novel ligustrazine derivative as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Experiments prove that the ligustrazine derivative can effectively protect nerve cells and myocardial cells from CoCl2 hypoxia injury; and meanwhile, the ligustrazine derivative has the effect of remarkably inhibiting platelet aggregation. Therefore, the ligustrazine derivative disclosed by the invention can be used for preparing medicines for effectively preventing or treating central nervous system diseases and/or thrombotic diseases; more importantly, the effect of the ligustrazine derivative is obviously superior to that of ligustrazine with the same dosage. The invention widens the new application of the novel ligustrazine derivative, and has huge economic and social values.

Ligustrazine derivative and preparation method and medical application thereof

The invention discloses a ligustrazine derivative and a preparation method and medical application thereof. The invention synthesizes and prepares three ligustrazine derivatives with novel structures,and provides a preparation method of the ligustrazine derivatives. Pharmacological results show that the inhibitory activity of the three ligustrazine derivatives I-2, I-4 and I-6 on ADP-induced or AA-induced platelet aggregation is superior to that of a parent compound ligustrazine (TMP); compared with clinically common medicines with anticoagulant effects, the activity of the ligustrazine derivatives I-2, I-4 and I-6 in inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation is equivalent to that of a positive drug thilopyrazine, and the inhibition activity of the ligustrazine derivatives I-2, I-4 and I-6 in inhibition of AA-induced platelet aggregation is obviously superior to that of a positive control drug aspirin.

Ligustrazine derivative, and preparation method and applications thereof

The invention provides a ligustrazine derivative, and a preparation method and applications thereof. The ligustrazine derivative is capable of treating IAA induced hypoxic injury, promoting neuron cell proliferation, promoting cell synapsis lengthening, and can be used for treating stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.

Chloroxime compound as well as preparation method and application thereof in pharmacy

The invention relates to a chloroxime compound, its preparation method and application in pharmacy. The chloroxime compound has a structure shown as the general formula I in the specification. The compounds has a very strong effect in synergistic regulation of heat shock protein activity, can be used for treating neurodegenerative diseases caused by injection of Abeta1-42 to rats, and aims to treat human neurodegenerative diseases. The compound also has a significant stress resistant effect, and can be used for preparation of new drugs treating diseases caused by protein misfolding and/or aggregation, and oxidative stress.

Reduction-sensitive nanomicelle and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a reduction-sensitive nanomicelle, belongs to the technical field of nanomedicine, and particularly provides a preparation method of anamphiphilic prodrug self-assembled nanomicelle of methylpyrazine combined with paclitaxel or docetaxel and application of the nanomicelle in anti-tumor research. Through a nanoprecipitation approach and a dialysis approach, disulfide-bonded ligustrazine and a methylpyrazine analog thereof and the paclitaxel or the docetaxel are adopted for preparing prodrugs which are self-assembled into the nanomicelle, the operation is easy and convenient to implement, the particle size is small and uniform, the drug loading amount is high, and the nanomicelle can respond to a tumor microreduction environment, so that the tumor selectivity of the paclitaxel is improved, the effect of targeted treatment of tumors is achieved, the enrichment of drug concentration at tumor sites is improved, and the nanomicelle achieves good synergism and toxicity reduction effects in in-vivo and in-vitro anti-tumor application.

Ligustrazine/azoonium diol salt derivative as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a ligustrazine/azoonium diol salt derivative as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The derivative has a structure as shown in a formula (I) which is described in the specification, wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different; the R1 and R2 are the same or different and independently represent a hydrogen atom and a C1-C4 alkyl group, and the R1 and R2 forma 5- to 7-membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring along with the nitrogen atom to which R1 and R2 are connected.; the aliphatic heterocycle or the aromatic heterocycle maybe optionally mono-substituted to penta-substituted by the same or different substituents, the substituents being a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen. The ligustrazine/azoonium diol salt derivative provided by the invention can inhibit proliferation of tumor cells to different extents. Besides, compared with common breast cancer cells, the ligustrazine/azoonium diol salt derivative provided by the invention has a stronger proliferation inhibition effect on drug-resistant breast cancer cells, and prompts that the ligustrazine/azoonium diol salt derivative has a good application prospect on drug-resistant tumors.

BA-12 inhibits angiogenesis via glutathione metabolism activation

There is a need for an efficient and low-cost leading compound discovery mode. However, drug development remains slow, expensive, and risky. Here, this manuscript proposes a leading compound discovery strategy based on a combination of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae and pharmacochemistry, using a ligustrazine-betulinic acid derivative (BA-12) in the treatment of angiogenesis as an example. Blocking angiogenesis to inhibit the growth and metastasis of solid tumors is currently one recognized therapy for cancer in the clinic. Firstly, based on a traditional Prunella vulgaris plaster, BA-12 was synthesized according to our previous study, as it exhibited better antitumor activities than other derivatives on human bladder carcinoma cells (T24); it was then uploaded for target prediction. Secondly, the efficacy and biotoxicity of BA-12 on angiogenesis were evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a quail chick chorioallantoic membrane, and Caenorhabditis elegans. According to the prediction results, the main mechanisms of BA-12 were metabolic pathways. Thus, multiple metabolomics approaches were applied to reveal the mechanisms of BA-12. Finally, the predictive mechanisms of BA-12 on glutathione metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism activation were validated using targeted metabolomics and pharmacological assays. This strategy may provide a reference for highly efficient drug discovery, with the aim of sharing TCM wisdom for unmet clinical needs.

Novel homo-bivalent and polyvalent compounds based on ligustrazine and heterocyclic ring as anticancer agents

Bivalent and polyvalent inhibitors can be used as antitumor agents. In this experiment, eight ligustrazine dimers and seven ligustrazine tetramers linked by alkane diamine with different lengths of carbon chain lengths were synthesized. After screening their antiproliferation activities against five cancer cell lines, most ligustrazine derivatives showed better cytotoxicity than the ligustrazine monomer. In particular, ligustrazine dimer 8e linked with decane-1,10-diamine exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in FaDu cells with an IC50 (50% inhibiting concentration) value of 1.36 nM. Further mechanism studies suggested that 8e could induce apoptosis of FaDu cells through the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and S-phase cell cycle arrest. Inspired by these results, twenty-seven additional small molecule heterocyclic dimers linked with decane-1,10-diamine and nine cinnamic acid dimers bearing ether chain were synthesized and screened. Most monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic systems showed highly selective anti-proliferation activity to FaDu cells and low toxicity to normal MCF 10A cells. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the two terminal amide bonds and the alkyl linker with a chain length of 8–12 carbon were two important factors to maintain its antitumor activity. In addition, the ADMET calculation predicted that most of the potent compounds had good oral bioavailability.