24478-74-8

Usage

Uses

Used in Environmental Testing and Research:
Dibenzofuran,2,4-dichlorois used as a standard for environmental testing and research, specifically in the context of post-combustion formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. These are toxic and persistent environmental pollutants that pose significant health risks, and the use of Dibenzofuran,2,4-dichloroas a standard aids in the accurate assessment and monitoring of these contaminants in various environmental samples.

InChI:InChI=1/C12H6Cl2O/c13-7-5-9(14)12-8-3-1-2-4-10(8)15-11(12)6-7/h1-6H

Upstream product

• 106-48-9 4-chloro-phenol 
• 120-83-2 2,4-dichlorophenol 
• 108-95-2 phenol 
• 87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol 
• 108-43-0 3-monochlorophenol 
• 935-95-5 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol 
• 95-95-4 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 
• 1426243-56-2 bis(2-bromophenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate 
• 132334-54-4 3-amino-2,4-dichlorodibenzofuran 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Mono- to tri-chlorinated dibenzodioxin (CDD) and dibenzofuran (CDF) congeners/homologues as indicators of CDD and CDF emissions from municipal waste and waste/coal combustion

Total homologue concentrations and select congener concentrations from amongst the mono- to tri-chlorinated dibenzodioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) are used to model both Total (mono- to octa-) CDD + CDF emissions and the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of the 2,3,7,8-chlorine-substituted emissions. Analysis of emission data from two facilities indicates that use of total homologue concentrations shows limited, facility-specific correlations with Total CDDs/CDFs and TEQ. Concentrations of select mono- to tri-CDD/CDF congeners show promising correlation with CDD/CDF TEQ across facilities, suggesting that these compounds can act as TEQ indicators. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Quinoline Ligands Improve the Classic Direct C?H Functionalisation/Intramolecular Cyclisation of Diaryl Ethers to Dibenzofurans

The C?H functionalisation approach to the synthesis of dibenzofurans is hampered by a number of problems. Herein we describe the evolution of a cheap, bench stable quinoline ligand, which obviates most of the current limitations and allows for a high yielding synthesis of a range of valuable dibenzofurans. Dibenzofurans are important motifs in natural products and compounds with wide biological activity.

Prediction of polychlorinated dibenzofuran congener distribution from gas-phase phenol condensation pathways

A model for predicting the distribution of dibenzofuran and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners from a distribution of phenols was developed. The model is based on a simplified chemical mechanism. Relative rate constants and reaction order with respect to phenol precursors were derived from experimental results using single phenols and equal molar mixtures of up to four phenols. For validation, experiments were performed at three temperatures using a distribution of phenol and 19 chlorinated phenols as measured in municipal waste incinerator exhaust gas. Comparison of experimental measurements and model predictions for PCDF isomer distributions and homologue pattern shows agreement within measurement uncertainty. The R-squared correlation coefficient exceeds 0.9 for all PCDF isomer distributions and the distribution of PCDF homologues. These results demonstrate that the distribution of dibenzofuran and the 135 PCDF congeners from gas-phase condensation of phenol and chlorinated phenols can be predicted from measurement of the distribution of phenol and the 19 chlorinated phenol congeners.

Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line realtime detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI-TOFMS mass spectrometry

Correlations between products of incomplete combustion (PIC), e.g., chloroaromatic compounds, can be used to characterise the emissions from combustion processes, like municipal or hazardous waste incineration. A possible application of such relationships may be the on-line real-time monitoring of a characteristic surrogate, e.g., with Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS). In this paper, we report the relationships of homologues and individual congeners of chlorinated benzenes (PCBz), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and phenols (PCPh) to the International Toxicity Equivalent (I-TEQ) of the PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) in the flue gas and stack gas of a 22 MW hazardous waste incinerator (HWI). As the REMPI detection sensitivity is decreasing with the increase of the degree of chlorination, this study focuses on the lower chlorinated species of the compounds mentioned above. Lower chlorinated species, e.g., chlorobenzene (MCBz), 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 2,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran or 2,4-dichlorophenol, were identified as I-TEQ surrogates in the flue gas. In contrast to the higher chlorinated phenols, the lower chlorinated phenols (degree of chlorination 4) were not reliable as surrogates in the stack gas. The identified surrogates are evaluated in terms of their detectability by REMPI-TOFMS laser mass spectrometry. The outcome is that MCBz is the best suited surrogate for (indirect) on-line measuring of the I-TEQ value in the flue gas by REMPI-TOFMS. The correlation coefficient r of the MCBz concentration to the I-TEQ in the flue gas was 0.85.

Synthesis of Regiospecific Chlorine-37 Labeled Trichlorodibenzofuran

2,3,4-Trichlorodibenzofuran was synthesized by converting 3-aminodibenzofuran to 3-amino-2,4-dichlorodibenzofuran using chlorine-saturated carbon tetrachloride, followed by diazotization of the amino group and displacement of the nitrogen by treatment with couprous chloride.This method was used for the regiospecific synthesis of 2,3(37Cl),4-trichlorodibenzofuran.NOE experiments were conducted to determine the final product.