2504-11-2 Usage
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
ACETYL-DL-CARNITINE HYDROCHLORIDE is used as a drug absorption-enhancing agent for improving the bioavailability and effectiveness of medications in the gastrointestinal tract. Its ability to facilitate drug absorption can lead to better therapeutic outcomes and potentially reduce the required dosage of certain drugs, thereby minimizing side effects and improving patient compliance.
Biological Activity
(±)-acetylcarnitine chloride is an agonist for cholinergic.acetylcholine receptor (achr) is an integral membrane protein receptor for acetylcholine. there are two kinds of achrs: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.(±)-acetylcarnitine chloride is a cholinergic agonist and an intermediate in lipid metabolism [1]. in retinal ganglion cells, acetylcarnitine and acetylcholine inhibited gabaergic responses to exogenous gaba and gabaergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents [2].in dogs with coronary ligation, (-)-carnitine chloride (lcc) (300 mg/kg) and acetyl (-)-carnitine chloride (alcc) (300 mg/kg) inhibited the ventricular arrhythmia. also, lcc and alcc improved oxidative phosphorylation rate and the mitochondrial function [1]. in the mouse hot plate test, acetyl-l-carnitine (alcar) (100 mg/kg) exhibited analgesia. while, u-73122 and neomycin (the phospholipase c (plc) inhibitors) blocked the increase of the pain threshold induced by alcar. licl that impairing phosphatidylinositol synthesis antagonized the antinociception in a dose-dependent way. pma and pdbu (pkc activators) blocked the increase of the pain threshold in a dose-dependent way. these results suggested that alcar analgesia required the participation of the plc-ip3 pathway [3].
Biochem/physiol Actions
Weak cholinergic receptor agonist; intermediate in lipid metabolism.
Purification Methods
Recrystallise the chloride from isopropanol. Dry it over P2O5 under high vacuum. The S-betaine crystallises from EtOH/Et2O with m 145o(dec) and is hygroscopic; it has [] D -19.5o (c 6, H2O). [Krimberg & Wittandt Biochem Z 251 231 1932, Strack et al. Z Physiol Chem 238 191 1936, Beilstein 4 III 1630, 1632.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 2504-11-2 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 2,5,0 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 2504-11:
(6*2)+(5*5)+(4*0)+(3*4)+(2*1)+(1*1)=52
52 % 10 = 2
So 2504-11-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C9H17NO4.ClH/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4;/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3;1H
2504-11-2Relevant articles and documents
Compositions and methods for enhanced drug delivery
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, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to methods of delivering pharmaceutical agents across membranes, including the skin layer or mucosal membranes of a patient. A pharmaceutical agent is covalently bonded to a chemical modifier, via a physiologically cleavable bond, such that the membrane transport and delivery of the agent is enhanced.
