25319-98-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Structure-reactivity correlations in the dissociative hydrolysis of 2′,4′-dinitrophenyl 4-hydroxy-X-benzenesulfonates
Cevasco, Giorgio,Thea, Sergio
, p. 6814 - 6817 (2007/10/03)
The hydrolysis reactions of several title esters in water at 60°C follow the rate law kobs = (ka + kb[OH-])/(1 + αH/Ka), where Ka is the ionization constant of the hydroxy group of the ester and kb is the second-order rate constant for the SN2(S) attack of hydroxide ion on the ionized ester. Hammett and Br?nsted correlations are consistent with a previous proposal that the mechanism related to ka is dissociative. An unusual relationship between ka values and redox equilibrium constants for substituted quinones is found to hold: this finding further supports the dissociative nature of the pathway related to ka.
Sulfonation of chloro- and dichloroanisoles with concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide. Demethylation of chloroanisolesulfonic acids in sulfuric acid systems
Wit, Peter de,Cerfontain, Hans
, p. 418 - 425 (2007/10/02)
The nine chloro- and dichloroanisoles have been sulfonated with sulfuric acid.The observed sulfonic acid isomer distributions are determined mainly by the ortho- and para-directing effect of the methoxy substituent.In the reaction with sulfuric acid, the initially formed chloro- and dichloroanisolesulfonic acids are demethylated to give the corresponding phenolsulfonic acids.Demethylation occurs only in those cases where the methoxy substituent is sterically hindered by an o-chloro and/or o-sulfo substituent.Reaction of 2,3- and 3,5-dichloroanisole with fuming sulfuric acid yields initially the 4,6- and 2,4-disulfonic acids, respectively.The disulfonic acids are converted to the corresponding hydrogen sulfates either by direct sulfodemethylation or by protodemethylation followed by subsequent sulfation.The 2,3-dichloro-4,6-disulfophenyl hydrogen sulfate cyclizes to the 1,3,2,4-benzodioxadithiin 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide 4.The sulfonation of the chloro- and dichloroanisoles with SO3 in the solvents nitromethane or CCl3F leads only to sulfodeprotonation.
Sulfonation and sulfation in the reactions of the chloro- and dichlorophenols, 3-fluorophenol and (2,3-, 2,4- and 3,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid with concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide
Wit, Peter de,Cerfontain, Hans
, p. 121 - 124 (2007/10/02)
The chloro- and dichlorophenols have been sulfonated with sulfuric acid and with SO3 in aprotic solvents.In the sulfonations with concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid, the sulfonic acid isomer distribution is determined mainly by the ortho- and para-directing and activating effect of the hydroxy substituent; this is also the determining factor in the aprotic sulfonations using up to 1.0 equiv of SO3.Upon using larger amounts of SO3, the sulfonation isomer distribution is increasingly determined by additional sulfonation of the corresponding phenyl hydrogen sulfate, of which the -OSO3H substituent is deactivating and mainly para- (and further ortho-) directing.The sulfuric acid sulfonation of (2,3-, 2,4- and 3,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid leads to the exclusive formation of the 4-, 6- and 6-sulfonic acid, respectively.
