258273-77-7Relevant articles and documents
Size matters! on the way to ionic liquid systems without ion pairing
Rupp, Alexander,Roznyatovskaya, Nataliya,Scherer, Harald,Beichel, Witali,Klose, Petra,Sturm, Carola,Hoffmann, Anke,Tuebke, Jens,Koslowski, Thorsten,Krossing, Ingo
, p. 9794 - 9804 (2014)
Several, partly new, ionic liquids (ILs) containing imidazolium and ammonium cations as well as the medium-sized [NTf2]- (0.230 nm3; Tf=CF3SO3-) and the large [Al(hfip)4]- (0.581 nm3; hfip=OC(H)(CF3)2) anions were synthesized and characterized. Their temperature-dependent viscosities and conductivities between 25 and 80°C showed typical Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) behavior. Ion-specific self-diffusion constants were measured at room temperature by pulsed-gradient stimulated-echo (PGSTE) NMR experiments. In general, self-diffusion constants of both cations and anions in [Al(hfip) 4]--based ILs were higher than in [NTf2] --based ILs. Ionicities were calculated from self-diffusion constants and measured bulk conductivities, and showed that [Al(hfip)4] --based ILs yield higher ionicities than their [NTf2] - analogues, the former of which reach values of virtually 100% in some cases.From these observations it was concluded that [Al(hfip) 4]--based ILs come close to systems without any interactions, and this hypothesis is underlined with a Hirshfeld analysis. Additionally, a robust, modified Marcus theory quantitatively accounted for the differences between the two anions and yielded a minimum of the activation energy for ion movement at an anion diameter of slightly greater than 1 nm, which fits almost perfectly the size of [Al(hfip)4]-. Shallow Coulomb potential wells are responsible for the high mobility of ILs with such anions. Looking for ideally non-associated ionic liquids (ILs)? By performing extensive NMR diffusion, viscosity, and conductivity measurements as well as applying a modified Marcus theory to a large set of ionic liquids (ILs), it was shown that the ideal noninteracting IL anion should have an optimum diameter of 1 nm and a fluorinated surface. Several of the here described [Al(hfip)4]- (hfip=OC(H)(CF3)2) ILs fulfill these criteria. Shallow Coulomb potential wells (see figure) are responsible for the high mobility of ILs with such anions.