26441-05-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research:
15-Keto Prostaglandin E2 is used as a research compound for studying its biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. It is employed in investigating the role of prostaglandins in various physiological processes and their involvement in diseases.
Used in Mass Spectrometry:
15-Keto PGE2 MaxSpec standard is a quantitative grade standard of 15-keto PGE2 prepared specifically for mass spectrometry or any application where quantitative reproducibility is required. It is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon, and the concentration is verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard.
Used in Immunology Research:
15-Keto Prostaglandin E2 is used as an immunomodulatory agent in research studies. It has been shown to inhibit CD3-CD28-MHC-I-induced proliferation of isolated human CD4+ T cells in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its potential role in modulating immune responses.
Used in Sepsis Research:
In a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis, 15-keto PGE2 has been demonstrated to reduce mortality when administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg. This suggests its potential use in studying and developing treatments for sepsis and related conditions.

InChI:InChI=1/C20H30O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18(22)14-19(17)23)10-7-4-5-8-11-20(24)25/h4,7,12-13,16-17,19,23H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b7-4-,13-12+/t16-,17-,19-/m1/s1

Upstream product

• 363-24-6 dinoprostone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Role of glutamine 148 of human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in catalytic oxidation of prostaglandin E2

NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, catalyzes the first step in the catabolic pathways of prostaglandins and lipoxins. This enzyme oxidizes the C-15 hydroxyl group of prostaglandins and lipoxins to produce 15-keto metabolites which exhibit greatly reduced biological activities. A three-dimensional (3D) structure of 15-PGDH based on the crystal structures of the levodione reductase and tropinone reductase-II was generated and used for docking study with NAD+ coenzyme and PGE2 substrate. Three well-conserved residues among SDR family which correspond to Ser-138, Tyr-151, and Lys-155 of 15-PGDH have been shown to participate in the catalytic reaction. Based on the molecular interactions observed from 3D structure of 15-PGDH, we further propose that Gln-148 in 15-PGDH is important in properly positioning the 15-hydroxyl group of PGE2 by hydrogen bonding with the side-chain oxygen atom of Gln-148. This residue is found to be less conserved and replaceable by glutamyl, histidinyl, and asparaginyl residues in SDR family. Accordingly, site-directed mutagenesis of Gln-148 of 15-PGDH to alanine, glutamic acid, histidine, and asparagine (Q148A, Q148E, Q148H, and Q148N) was carried out. The activity of mutant Q148A was not detectable, whereas those of mutants Q148E, Q148H, and Q148N were comparable to or higher than the wild type. This indicates that the side-chain oxygen or nitrogen atom at position 148 of 15-PGDH plays an important role in anchoring C-15 hydroxyl group of PGE2 through hydrogen bonding for catalytic reaction.

15-Hydroperoxy-PGE2: Intermediate in Mammalian and Algal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis

Arachidonic-acid-derived prostaglandins (PGs), specifically PGE2, play a central role in inflammation and numerous immunological reactions. The enzymes of PGE2 biosynthesis are important pharmacological targets for anti-inflammatory drugs. Besides mammals, certain edible marine algae possess a comprehensive repertoire of bioactive arachidonic-acid-derived oxylipins including PGs that may account for food poisoning. Described here is the analysis of PGE2 biosynthesis in the red macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla that led to the identification of 15-hydroperoxy-PGE2, a novel precursor of PGE2 and 15-keto-PGE2. Interestingly, this novel precursor is also produced in human macrophages where it represents a key metabolite in an alternative biosynthetic PGE2 pathway in addition to the well-established arachidonic acid-PGG2-PGH2-PGE2 route. This alternative pathway of mammalian PGE2 biosynthesis may open novel opportunities to intervene with inflammation-related diseases.

METHODS OF REJUVENATING AGED TISSUE BY INHIBITING 15-HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASE (15-PGDH)

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods based on the identification of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) as a therapeutic target in aging, dystrophic muscle to improve muscle atrophy, increase muscle mass, function and strength. Further provided herein are compositions and methods for the rejuvenation of aged tissue. In particular, 15-PGDH inhibitors, such as SW033291, are used to elevate the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the muscle or tissue.