26528-50-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Optimizing reaction conditions for the isomerization of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters to their branch chain products
Reaume, Stephen J.,Ellis, Naoko
experimental part, p. 661 - 671 (2012/01/31)
In order to improve the oxidative stability and cold flow properties of oleic acid or methyl oleate, branch chain isomerization was conducted using a beta zeolite catalyst. Reaction conditions of temperature (200-300 °C), pressure (0.1-3.0 MPa), and co-catalyst (0-2 wt%) were optimized based on branch chain conversion and the cloud point of the ester following the isomerization reaction of oleic acid or methyl oleate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatograph equipped with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were used to analyze and quantify the isomerization product samples, while the cloud point of each sample was tested. The lowest and therefore, best cloud point measured was -15.2 °C at conditions of 200 °C, 3 MPa, and 2% co-catalyst using methyl oleate as a starting material. The highest branch chain conversion achieved was 50% under conditions of 300 °C, 1.5 MPa and 0% co-catalyst using oleic acid as a starting material. The use of oleic acid and methyl oleate is based on whether it is optimal to carry out the skeletal isomerization before or after the esterification reaction. Performing the isomerization reaction on the ester was preferred over the fatty acid based on the trans isomerization and cloud point results. Reducing the unbranched trans isomers was desirable in obtaining a low cloud point. AOCS 2010.
Potentional-controlled catalytic hydrogenation. Effect of palladium catalyst potential on the selectivity of hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters
Froeling, A.,Hornung, F.,Jongh, R. O. de
, p. 123 - 128 (2007/10/02)
Hydrogenation of methyl linoleate on palladium catalysts in solution with tetraalkylammonium perchlorate as electrolyte, leads mainly to the saturated product methyl stearate.At negative potentials of the catalyst electrode controlled at about -1 Volt versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) with negligible current passage, the monoenic intermediate is the end product, with the double bond found mainly in the Z configuration at the starting 9- and 12-positions.As expected it was found that methyl oleate was not hydrogenated by the catalyst held at -1.1 Volt, while smooth hydrogenation occurs under identical conditions when the catalyst potential is not controlled.Methyl linoleate leads mainly to dienoic esters at -1.8 V catalyst potential.The effect was applied on a synthetic scale in the hydrogenation of soya bean oil with palladium catalysts, resulting in a considerable increase of selectivity at negative catalyst potentials.
