27007-78-9Relevant articles and documents
Metabolism of Deuterated threo-Dihydroxy Fatty Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Enantioselective Formation and Characterization of Hydroxylactones and γ-Lactones
Garbe, Leif-A.,Tressl, Roland
, p. 180 - 196 (2004)
Biotransformation of (±) -threo-7,8-dihydroxy(7,8-2H 2)tetradecanoic acids (threo-(7,8-2H2)-3) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae afforded 5,6-dihydroxy(5,6-2H 2)dodecanoic acids (threo-(5,6-2H2)-4), which were converted to (5S,6S)-6-hydroxy(5,6-2H 2)dodecano-5-lactone ((5S,6S)-(5,6-2H2)-7) with 80% e.e. and (5S,6S)-5-hydroxy(5,6-2H 2)dodecano-6-lactone ((5S-,6S)-5,6-2H2)-8). Further β-oxidation of threo-(5,6-2H2)-4 yielded 3,4-dihydroxy(3,4-2H2)decanoic acids (threo-(3,4- 2H2)-5), which were converted to (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy(3,4-2H2)decano-4-lactone ((3R,4R)-9) with 44% e.e. and converted to 2H-labeled decano-4-lactones ((4R)-(3-2H1)- and (4R)-(2,3-2H2)-6) with 96% e.e. These results were confirmed by experiments in which (±)-threo-3,4-dihydroxy(3,4-2H2)decanoic acids (threo-(3,4-2H2)-5) were incubated with yeast. From incubations of methyl (5S,6S)- and (5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy(5,6-2H 2)dodecanoates ((5S,6S)- and (5R,6R)-(5,6-2H 2)-4a), the (5S,6S)-enantiomer was identified as the precursor of (4R)-(3-2H1)- and (2,3-2H2)-6). Therefore, (4R)-6 is synthesized from (3S,4S)-5 by an oxidation/keto acid reduction pathway involving hydrogen transfer from C(4) to C(2). In an analogous experiment, methyl (9S, 10S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate ((9S,10S)-10a) was metabolized to (3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxydodecanoic acid ((3S,4S)-15) and converted to (4R)-dodecano-4-lactone ((4R)-18).
CALPAIN MODULATORS AND THERAPEUTIC USES THEREOF BACKGROUND
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, (2019/11/28)
Disclosed herein are small molecule calpain modulators, pharmaceutical compositions, preparation methods and their use as therapeutic agents. The therapeutic agents can be used for treating fibrotic disease or a resulting secondary disease state or condition. The small molecules can inhibit calpain through contact with CAPN1, CAPN2, and/or CAPN9 enzymes.
Enantioselective Bronsted acid-catalyzed N-acyliminium cyclization cascades
Muratore, Michael E.,Holloway, Chloe A.,Pilling, Adam W.,Storer, R. Ian,Trevitt, Graham,Dixon, Darren J.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 10796 - 10797 (2009/12/03)
(Chemical Equation Presented) An enantioselective Bronsted acid-catalyzed N-acyliminium cyclization cascade of tryptamines with enol lactones to form architecturally complex heterocycles in high enantiomeric excess has been developed. The reaction is technically simple to perform as well as atom-efficient and may be coupled to a gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids whereby the key enol lactone reaction partner is generated in situ. Employing up to 10 mol % bulky chiral phosphoric acid catalysts in boiling toluene allowed the product materials to be generated in good overall yields (63-99%) and high enantioselectivities (72-99% ee). With doubly substituted enol lactones, high diastereo- and enantioselectivities were obtained, thus providing a new example of a dynamic kinetic asymmetric cyclization reaction.