2764-72-9 Usage
Description
Diquat ion, also known as diquat dibromide, is a yellow crystalline solid that is dissolved in a liquid carrier, forming a water emulsifiable liquid. It is an organic cation formed by the addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Diquat ion poses a primary hazard to the environment and can easily penetrate the soil, contaminating groundwater and nearby streams. It can cause illness through inhalation, skin absorption, and/or ingestion.
Uses
Used in Agricultural Industry:
Diquat ion is used as a herbicide and desiccant for various agricultural applications. As a nonselective, quick-acting herbicide and plant growth regulator, it causes injury only to the parts of the plant to which it is applied. Diquat is referred to as a desiccant because it causes a leaf or an entire plant to dry out quickly.
1. Potato Vine Desiccation: Diquat ion is used to desiccate potato vines, aiding in the harvesting process and reducing the time required for the plants to dry naturally.
2. Seed Crop Drying: It is employed to dry seed crops, ensuring that the seeds are ready for harvesting and storage without the need for prolonged drying periods.
3. Sugarcane Flower Control: Diquat ion is used to control the flowering of sugarcane, which can negatively impact the quality and yield of the crop.
4. Industrial and Aquatic Weed Control: It is utilized for weed control in industrial and aquatic environments, such as catfish farms, to maintain a clean and healthy ecosystem.
Production Methods
Diquat is manufactured in the United Kingdom by the
oxidative coupling of two molecules of pyridine over a
heated Raney nickel catalyst to produce 2,20-bipyridyl,
which is reacted with ethylene dibromide in water to give
diquat dibromide. It is formulated worldwide in various
water-soluble products and in various concentrations, typically
2 lb/gal.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble. Solutions are stable in neutral and acid solutions; however, they are unstable in alkaline solutions.
Reactivity Profile
Diquat ion is light sensitive. Diquat ion can corrode aluminum and other metals.
Health Hazard
INHALATION: No appreciable vapor pressure. Prolonged contact with spray or mist may cause oral and nasal irritation. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Irritation. INGESTION: Vomiting, diarrhea, general malaise. Possible kidney and liver damage, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema. With large doses there may be tremors or convulsions. OTHER: May be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin.
Fire Hazard
Behavior in Fire: Decomposes at high temperature, charring rather than melting or boiling.
Trade name
AQUACIDE?; AQUA-CLEAR?[C]
AQUAKILL?; CLEANSWEEP?; DEIQUAT?;
DEXTRONE?; FARMON PDQ?; FB/2?; FEGLOX?;
GROUNDHOG SOLTAIR?; ORTHO DIQUAT?;
PATHCLEAR?; PREEGLONE?; REGLON?;
REGLONE?; Zeneca Ag Products; REGLOX?;
REWARD?; TAG?; TORPEDO?; VEGATROLE?;
WEEDOL (ICI)?; WEEDTRINE-D?
Carcinogenicity
Several carcinogenicity studies
have been conducted on diquat by the oral route.
In a 2-year feeding study at doses as high as 75 mg/kg in
mice, and a drinking water study at doses as high as
2.6 mg/L of water in rats, no evidence of tumorigenicity
was seen. Similar negative results were reported for diquat
in a 2-year feeding study (Hayes, 1991) in rats at dose levels
up to 720 mg/kg and in a 2-year drinking water study in mice
at doses of 2–4 mg/kg.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 2764-72-9 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 2,7,6 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 2764-72:
(6*2)+(5*7)+(4*6)+(3*4)+(2*7)+(1*2)=99
99 % 10 = 9
So 2764-72-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
2764-72-9Relevant articles and documents
Optimizing electron transfer from CdSe QDs to hydrogenase for photocatalytic H2 production
Sanchez, Monica L. K.,Wu, Chang-Hao,Adams, Michael W. W.,Brian Dyer
, p. 5579 - 5582 (2019)
A series of viologen related redox mediators of varying reduction potential has been characterized and their utility as electron shuttles between CdSe quantum dots and hydrogenase enzyme has been demonstrated. Tuning the mediator LUMO energy optimizes the performance of this hybrid photocatalytic system by balancing electron transfer rates of the shuttle.
Effect of structural change in viologen acceptors on the rate of single electron transfer from tributylphosphine
Yasui, Shinro,Itoh, Kenji,Ohno, Atsuyoshi,Tokitoh, Norihiro
, p. 2928 - 2931 (2006)
The "flexible" 3 and "rigid" cyclic viologens 4, diquarternary salts of 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline, respectively, were treated with tributylphosphine (1) in acetonitrile containing a large amount of methanol under an argon atmosphere. A single electron transfer (SET) easily occurred from the latter to the former, the SET to 4 being 105-106 times faster than the SET to 3. The reorganization energy λ for the latter SET is thought to be larger than that for the former SET, because 3 undergoes a structural change upon the one-electron reduction to its radical cation, whereas the one-electron reduction of 4 takes place without a structural change. Taking into account the difference in λ, and also taking into account the bond formation energy brought about by the follow-up reaction of the phosphine radical cation 1 + with methanol, the observed kinetics were well interpreted in terms of the Marcus theory. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.
Kinetics of Reduction of Eight Viologens by dithionite Ion
Tsukahara, K.,Wilkins, R. G.
, p. 2632 - 2635 (2007/10/02)
The rate constants are reported for reduction by dithionite of methyl viologen, diquat, and six other diquaternary salts of 4,4'-bipyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline.The active reductant is the SO2(1-) radical, and rate constants vary from >5*108, to 8.5*103 M-1s-1 with increasing negative reduction potential of the viologen.It is concluded that self-exchange rate constants for the viologens (X2+/+ couple) are ca. 108 M-1s-1, and it is supported by the results of a cross-reaction involving two viologens, the second-oreder rate constant being measured by pulse radiolytic techniques.
