28495-61-6

Upstream product

• 100-42-5 styrene 
• 1083330-10-2 dicarbonylcyclopentadienyl(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)iron 
• 401-78-5 3-bromo-1-trifluoromethylbenzene 
• 622-97-9 1-ethenyl-4-methylbenzene 
• 1417786-72-1 C₁₆H₁₃F₃ 
• 6783-05-7 trans-2-phenylvinylboronic acid 
• 401-81-0 m-trifluoromethylphenyl iodide 
• 98-08-8 α,α,α-trifluorotoluene 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

METHODS OF ARENE ALKENYLATION

The present disclosure provides for a rhodium-catalyzed oxidative arene alkenylation from arenes and styrenes to prepare stilbene and stilbene derivatives. For example, the present disclosure provides for method of making arenes or substituted arenes, in particular stilbene and stilbene derivatives, from a reaction of an optionally substituted arene and/or optionally substituted styrene. The reaction includes a Rh catalyst or Rh pre-catalyst material and an oxidant, where the Rh catalyst or Rh catalyst formed Rh pre-catalyst material selectively functionalizes CH bond on the arene compound (e.g., benzene or substituted benzene).

Synthesis of Stilbenes by Rhodium-Catalyzed Aerobic Alkenylation of Arenes via C-H Activation

Arene alkenylation is commonly achieved by late transition metal-mediated C(sp2)-C(sp2) cross-coupling, but this strategy typically requires prefunctionalized substrates (e.g., with halides or pseudohalides) and/or the presence of a directing group on the arene. Transition metal-mediated arene C-H activation and alkenylation offers an alternative method to functionalize arene substrates. Herein, we report a rhodium-catalyzed oxidative arene alkenylation from arenes and styrenes to prepare stilbene and stilbene derivatives. The reaction is successful with several functional groups on both the arene and the olefin including fluoride, chloride, trifluoromethyl, ester, nitro, acetate, cyanide, and ether groups. Reactions of monosubstituted arenes are selective for alkenylation at the meta and para positions, generally with approximately 2:1 selectivity, respectively. Resveratrol and (E)-1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-(4-methoxystyryl)benzene (DMU-212) are synthesized by this single-step approach in high yield. Comparison with palladium catalysis showed that rhodium catalysis is more selective for meta-functionalization for monosubstituted arenes and that the Rh catalysis has better tolerance of halogen groups.

Finely dispersed palladium on silk-fibroin as an efficient and ligand-free catalyst for Heck cross-coupling reaction

A palladium–fibroin complex (Pd/Fib.) was prepared by the addition of sonicated fibroin fiber in water to palladium acetate solution. Pd (OAc)2 was absorbed by fibroin and reduced with NaBH4 at room temperature to the Pd(0) nanoparticles. Powder-X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared, CHN elemental analysis and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the Pd/Fib. catalyst. Catalytic activity of this finely dispersed palladium was examined in the Heck coupling reaction. The catalytic coupling of aryl halides (-Cl, -Br, -I) and olefins led to the formation of the corresponding coupled products in moderate to high yields under air atmosphere. A variety of substrates, including electron-rich and electron-poor aryl halides, were converted smoothly to the targeted products in simple procedure. Heterogeneous supported Pd catalyst can be recycled and reused several times.

Evaluation of Potential Safety Hazards Associated with the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Vinylboron Species

The potential safety hazards associated with the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl bromides with vinylboron species were evaluated. In the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 1-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene with potassium vinyltrifluoroborate in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) in 9:1 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water at 80 °C, the thermal profile revealed a significant exotherm upon the addition of catalytic 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium(II) dichloride [Pd(dppf)Cl2]. Further investigations indicated that the exotherm was consistently higher and the reactions were faster in the studied aqueous systems compared to anhydrous conditions. Although under anhydrous conditions the exotherms were comparable among the studied cases, the rate of the exotherm was highly dependent on the choice of aryl electrophile, solvent, base, catalyst, as well as vinylboron species. In many of the studied cases the maximum temperature of a synthesis reaction (MTSR) was considerably higher than the boiling point of the solvent and/or the onset temperature of the DMSO decomposition, indicating that in the absence of active cooling the system could quickly exceed the boiling point of the solvent or trigger the decomposition of the reaction mixture to result in a runaway reaction.

6H-Dibenzo[d,f-[1,3]diazepin-6-ylidene,5,7-dihydro-5,7-diphenylphosphanyl]: A new ligand for palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck coupling

A novel and conveniently prepared diphosphine ligand 6H-Dibenzo[d,f-[1,3] diazepin-6-ylidene,5,7-dihydro-5,7-diphenylphosphanyl] (DADPP) combined with [Pd(C3H5)Cl]2 affords an efficient catalytic system for Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling of aryl halides with alkenes. The system could give the yield of 95% for 4-chloronitrobenzene with 0.05 mol.% [Pd(C 3H5)Cl]2. For the bromide-substituted substrates, the highest turnover number (TON) is up to 96,000,000.

Expeditious synthesis of fluorinated styrylbenzenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons

A series of fluorinated styrylbenzene derivatives were synthesized by the Mizoroki-Heck reaction using phosphine-free catalytic conditions or by adopting the one-pot Wittig-Heck reaction sequence. The fluorinated styrylbenzenes were converted into polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrenes, [4]helicenes, and benzo[ghi]perylene by a modified photocyclization procedure involving I 2-THF condition.

6H-Dibenzo[d,f-[1,3]diazepin-6-ylidene,5,7-dihydro-5,7-diphenylphosphanyl]: A new ligand for palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck coupling

A novel and conveniently prepared diphosphine ligand 6H-Dibenzo[d,f-[1,3]diazepin-6-ylidene,5,7-dihydro-5,7-diphenylphosphanyl] (DADPP) combined with [Pd(C3H5)Cl]2affords an efficient catalytic system for Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling of aryl halides with alkenes. The system could give the yield of 95% for 4-chloronitrobenzene with 0.05 mol.% [Pd(C3H5)Cl]2. For the bromide-substituted substrates, the highest turnover number (TON) is up to 96,000,000.

Arylation of styrenes with aryliron complexes [CpFe(CO)2Ar]

Treatment of aryliron complexes [CpFe(CO)2Ar] with styrenes in boiling xylene affords the corresponding stilbenes. The aryliron complexes, which become active upon heating, serve as arylating agents in the reaction.