28586-49-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of o-Hydroxyphenyl Ketones: Utilizing Directing Effects That Optimize the Asymmetric Synthesis of Challenging Alcohols
Clarkson, Guy J.,Wills, Martin,Zheng, Ye
, (2020/05/05)
A systematic range of o-hydroxyphenyl ketones were reduced under asymmetric transfer hydrogenation conditions using the C3-tethered catalyst 2. Two directing effects, i.e., an o-hydroxyphenyl coupled to a bulky aromatic on the opposite side of the ketone substrate, combine in a matched manner to deliver reduction products with very high enantiomeric excess.
Vanadium(I) chloride and lithium vanadium(I) dihydride as selective epimetallating reagents for π- and σ-bonded organic substrates
Eisch, John J.,Fregene, Paul O.
scheme or table, p. 4482 - 4492 (2009/05/07)
Subvalent vanadium(I) salts, of empirical formulas, VCl, vanadium(I) chloride and LiVH2, lithium vanadium(I) dihydride, whose efficient preparation, structural constitution and mode of reaction toward certain organic substrates have been described in a preceding article, are here evaluated in their reactions toward a wide variety of π- and σ-bonded organic substrates, namely carbonyl, imine, azo, alkene, 1,3-diene, nitrile π-bonds and C-X, C-O, C-N and N-N σ-bonds. Compared with the high reactivity of CrCl and LiCrH2 reagents in attacking both types of bonds, the VCl and LiVH2 reagents were much milder and selective in epimetallating π-bonds, often forming the 1:1 adduct of LiVH2 and π-bonded substrate as the major product. Finally, the vanadium reagents showed little tendency to cleave C-O, C-S and C-N bonds and a smaller scope in cleaving C-X bonds than their chromium counterparts. Because of their selectivity these vanadium reagents offer the following preparative promise: 1) smooth McMurry carbonyl coupling to their reductive dimers; 2) deoxygenation of epoxides; 3) selective aromatic C-X reduction; 4) high yields of epimetallated carbonyls or imines as intermediates to α-hydroxy and α-amino acids; 5) 1,4-reductions of 1,3-alkadienes; 6) reductive dimerization of nitriles to ketones; 7) 1,4 or 1,n-epimetallations leading to acyloins or indoles; and 8) reductive dimerizations of azines to produce unusual imidazole derivatives. In explaining the greater kinetic stability of the 1:1 LiVH2 adduct with carbonyl or imine substrates it is pointed out that such epimetallated adducts from LiVH2 would likely be diamagnetic, whereas such adducts from LiCrH2 have an unpaired electron on the Cr center and hence would rupture, so that the electron would be on the C center. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
