290347-52-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A Simple and Convenient Multigram Scale Synthesis of Hydroxyphenstatin: Potential Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitor
Radha, Pedamallu
, p. 3869 - 3873 (2003)
A simple and convenient two-step synthesis of hydroxyphenstatin (2) is reported by condensing 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid with pyrogallol and subsequent selective methylation with dimethyl sulphate in presence of potassium carbonate.
Integrating Metal-Catalyzed C-H and C-O Functionalization to Achieve Sterically Controlled Regioselectivity in Arene Acylation
Serratore, Nicholas A.,Anderson, Constance B.,Frost, Grant B.,Hoang, Truong-Giang,Underwood, Steven J.,Gemmel, Philipp M.,Hardy, Melissa A.,Douglas, Christopher J.
supporting information, p. 10025 - 10033 (2018/07/21)
One major goal of organometallic chemists is the direct functionalization of the bonds most recurrent in organic molecules: C-H, C-C, C-O, and C-N. An even grander challenge is C-C bond formation when both precursors are of this category. Parallel to this is the synthetic goal of achieving reaction selectivity that contrasts with conventional methods. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) via Friedel-Crafts acylation is the most renowned method for the synthesis of aryl ketones, a common structural motif of many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrances, dyes, and other commodity chemicals. However, an EAS synthetic strategy is only effective if the desired site for acylation is in accordance with the electronic-controlled regioselectivity of the reaction. Herein we report steric-controlled regioselective arene acylation with salicylate esters via iridium catalysis to access distinctly substituted benzophenones. Experimental and computational data indicate a unique reaction mechanism that integrates C-O activation and C-H activation with a single iridium catalyst without an exogenous oxidant or base. We disclose an extensive exploration of the synthetic scope of both the arene and the ester components, culminating in the concise synthesis of the potent anticancer agent hydroxyphenstatin.
A Pinacol rearrangement/oxidation synthetic route to hydroxyphenstatin
Pettit,Lippert III,Herald
, p. 7438 - 7444 (2007/10/03)
In an attempt to develop biologically active compounds from the inactive trans isomer (3a) of stilbene 1a, after asymmetric dihydroxylation to optically pure (R,R)-diol 8 the unexpected racemic diphenylacetaldehyde (9) was generated via a Pinacol rearrangement. Several derivatives of diphenylacetaldehyde 9 were synthesized (11-15) and reported. Further reaction of aldehyde 9 during desilylation through autoxidative decarbonylation afforded benzophenone 2b, designated hydroxyphenstatin, a potent antitumor and antimitotic agent. Hydroxyphenstatin showed potent inhibition of the tubulin assembly (IC50 0.82 μM) and exhibited an ED50 of 2.5 μg/mL against the P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line.
Antineoplastic agents. 443. Synthesis of the cancer cell growth inhibitor hydroxyphenstatin and its sodium diphosphate prodrug
Pettit, George R.,Grealish, Matthew P.,Herald, Delbert L.,Boyd, Michael R.,Hamel, Ernest,Pettit, Robin K.
, p. 2731 - 2737 (2007/10/03)
A structure - activity relationship (SAR) study of the South African willow tree (Combretum caffrum) antineoplastic constituent combretastatin A-4 (3b) led to the discovery of a potent cancer cell growth inhibitor designated phenstatin (5a). This benzophenone derivative of combretastatin A-4 showed remarkable antineoplastic activity, and the benzophenone derivative of combretastatin A-1 was therefore synthesized. The benzophenone, designated hydroxyphenstatin (6a), was synthesized by coupling of a protected bromobenzene and a benzaldehyde to give the benzhydrol with subsequent oxidation to the ketone. Hydroxyphenstatin was converted to the sodium phosphate prodrug (6e) by a dibenzyl phosphite phosphorylation and subsequent benzyl cleavage (6a → 6d → 6e). While hydroxyphenstatin (6a) was a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization with activity comparable to that of combretastatin A-1 (3a), the phosphorylated derivative (6e) was inactive.
