2932-09-4Relevant articles and documents
Carotenoid Sulfates. 4. Syntheses and Properties of Carotenoid Sulfates
Hertzberg, Sissel,Liaaen-Jensen, Synnoeve
, p. 629 - 638 (2007/10/02)
Carotenoid sulfates have been prepared from 14 selected carotenols for spectroscopic characterization, studies of their stability in solution and their water solubility.Carotenoids containing sec non-allylic hydroxy groups provided sulfates stable in methanol solution, exemplified by zeaxanthin mono- and disulfate, alloxathin mono- and disulfate, fucoxanthin monosulfate, peridinin monosufate, capsorubin mono- and disulfate and astaxanthin mono- and disulfate.Acid catalyzed methanolysis of zeaxanthin disulfate gave zeaxanthin with complete retention of configuration.Enzymatic hydrolysis of alloxanthin monosulfate is reported.Less stable sulfates were obtained from sec vic diol type-, phenolic and tert-carotenols; caloxanthin, nostoxanthin, 3-hydroxyisorenieratene, 3,3'-dihydroxyisorenieratene, rhodovibrin, di-OH-lycopene and OH-chlorobactene.Acid catalyzed methanolysis of the tert caratenols proceeded via carbocations, judged by the solvolysis products characterized.Characteristic spectroscopic properties of carotenoid sulfates are pointed out.Water solubilities were studied.