30003-46-4

Upstream product

• 22819-10-9 3,3'-diamino-5,5'-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole) 
• 22819-10-9 1H,1′H-[3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole]-5,5′-diamine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

High-energy coordination polymers (CPs) exhibiting good catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide

High-energy coordination polymers (CPs) not only exhibit good energetic performances but also have a good catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of energetic materials. In this contribution, two high-energy CPs Cu2(DNBT)2(CH3OH)(H2O)3·3H2O (1) and [Cu3(DDT)2(H2O)2]n (2) (H2DNBT = 3,3′-dinitro-5,5′-bis(1H?1,2,4-triazole and H3DDT = 4,5-bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole) were synthesized and structurally characterized. Furthermore, 1 was thermos-dehydrated to produce Cu2(DNBT)2(CH3OH)(H2O)3 (1a). The thermal decomposition kinetics of 1, 1a and 2 were studied by Kissinger's method and Ozawa's method. Thermal analyses and sensitivity tests show that all compounds exhibit high thermal stability and low sensitivity for external stimuli. Meanwhile, all compounds have large positive enthalpy of formation, which are calculated as being (1067.67 ± 2.62)?kJ?mol?1 (1), (1464.12 ± 3.12)?kJ?mol?1 (1a) and (3877.82 ± 2.75)?kJ?mol?1 (2), respectively. The catalytic effects of 1a and 2 on the thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were also investigated.

3,3'-DINITRO-5,5'-BISTRIAZOLE-1'-DIOL

The invention relates to 3,3′-dinitro-5,5′-bis-triazole-1,1′-diol and to salts thereof, and to an energetic active mass comprising said salts.

A study of dinitro-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1′-diol and derivatives: Design of high-performance insensitive energetic materials by the introduction of n-oxides

In this contribution we report on the synthesis and full structural as well as spectroscopic characterization of 3,3′-dinitro-5,5′-bis-1,2,4- triazole-1,1′-diol and nitrogen-rich salts thereof. The first synthesis and characterization of an energetic 1-hydroxy-bistriazole in excellent yields and high purity is presented. This simple and straightforward method of N-oxide introduction in triazole compounds using commercially available oxone improves the energetic properties and reveals a straightforward synthetic pathway toward novel energetic 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. X-ray crystallographic measurements were performed and deliver insight into structural characteristics and strong intermolecular interactions. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for all compounds at the CBS-4 M level of theory, revealing highly positive heats of formation for all compounds. The energetic properties of all compounds (detonation velocity, pressure, etc.) were calculated using the EXPLO5.05 program, and the ionic derivatives show superior performance in comparison to the corresponding compounds bearing no N-oxide. All substances were characterized in terms of sensitivities (impact, friction, electrostatic) and thermal stabilities, and the ionic derivatives were found to be high thermally stable, insensitive compounds that are exceedingly powerful but safe to handle and prepare.

Insensitive nitrogen-rich energetic compounds based on the 5,5'-dinitro-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazol-2-ide anion

In this contribution the improvements achieved in the synthesis of the thermally stable energetic heterocycle 5,5'-dinitro-2H,2'H-3,3'-bi-1,2,4- triazole (DNBT) are described. The main goal was the synthesis of at least equally stable but more powerful energetic compounds based on the DNBT 2- anion in combination with nitrogen-rich cations. A complete structural and spectroscopic characterization, including IR, Raman, and multinuclear NMR analyses of the uncharged compound is presented. In addition, X-ray crystallographic measurements on DNBT revealed a very high density of 1.903 g cm-3. To increase both performance and stability, highly nitrogen-rich salts of DNBT formed from ammonium, hydroxyammonium, hydrazinium, guanidinium, aminoguanidinium and triaminoguanidinium cations were prepared and fully characterized by vibrational and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, DSC, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for selected compounds at the CBS-4M level of theory and the detonation parameters were calculated by using the EXPLO5.5 program. In addition, the impact as well as friction sensitivities and sensitivity against electrostatic discharge were determined. The main goal was to synthesize high thermally stable and powerful energetic compounds based on the DNBT2- anion in combination with nitrogen-rich cations. A complete structural and spectroscopic characterization of all compounds by IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy is presented. The compounds exhibit low sensitivities, high positive heats of formation, and excellent detonation parameters. Copyright

Nitrogen-rich bis-1,2,4-triazoles - A comparative study of structural and energetic properties

In this contribution, the synthesis and full structural and spectroscopic characterization of five bis-1,2,4-triazoles in combination with different energetic moieties like amino, nitro, nitrimino, azido, and dinitromethylene groups is presented. The main goal is a comparative study on the influence of those energetic moieties on the structural and energetic properties. A complete characterization including IR, Raman, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy of all compounds is presented. Additionally, X-ray crystallographic measurements were performed and deliver insight into structural characteristics as well as inter- and intramolecular interactions. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for all compounds at the CBS-4M level of theory, the detonation parameters were calculated by using the EXPLO5.05 program. Additionally, the impact as well as the friction sensitivities and the sensitivity against electrostatic discharge were determined. The potential application of the synthesized compounds as energetic material will be studied and evaluated by using the experimentally obtained values for the thermal decomposition, the sensitivity data, and the calculated performance characteristics. Bang, boom, bang: In this contribution the synthesis and full structural and spectroscopic characterization of five bis-1,2,4-triazoles in combination with different energetic moieties like amino, nitro, nitrimino, azido, and dinitromethylene groups is presented (see figure). The main goal is a comparative study on the influence of those energetic moieties on structural and energetic properties. Copyright