3100-93-4Relevant articles and documents
Isocyanide 2.0
Ahmadian-Moghaddam, Maryam,D?mling, Alexander,Patil, Pravin
supporting information, p. 6902 - 6911 (2020/11/09)
The isocyanide functionality due to its dichotomy between carbenoid and triple bond characters, with a nucleophilic and electrophilic terminal carbon, exhibits unusual reactivity in organic chemistry exemplified for example in the Ugi reaction. Unfortunately, the over proportional use of only a few isocyanides hampers novel discoveries about the fascinating reactivity of this functional group. The synthesis of a broad range of isocyanides with multiple functional groups is lengthy, inefficient, and exposes the chemist to hazardous fumes. Here we present an innovative isocyanide synthesis overcoming these problems by avoiding the aqueous workup which we exemplify by parallel synthesis from a 0.2 mmol scale performed in 96-well microtiter plates up to a 0.5 mol multigram scale. The advantages of our methodology include an increased synthesis speed, very mild conditions giving access to hitherto unknown or highly reactive classes of isocyanides, rapid access to large numbers of functionalized isocyanides, increased yields, high purity, proven scalability over 5 orders of magnitude, increased safety and less reaction waste resulting in a highly reduced environmental footprint. For example, the hitherto believed to be unstable 2-isocyanopyrimidine, 2-acylphenylisocyanides and even o-isocyanobenzaldehyde could be accessed on a preparative scale and their chemistry was explored. Our new isocyanide synthesis will enable easy access to uncharted isocyanide space and will result in many discoveries about the unusual reactivity of this functional group. This journal is
α-Keto Phenylamides as P1′-Extended Proteasome Inhibitors
Voss, Constantin,Scholz, Christoph,Knorr, Sabine,Beck, Philipp,Stein, Martin L.,Zall, Andrea,Kuckelkorn, Ulrike,Kloetzel, Peter-Michael,Groll, Michael,Hamacher, Kay,Schmidt, Boris
, p. 2557 - 2564 (2015/08/24)
The major challenge for proteasome inhibitor design lies in achieving high selectivity for, and activity against, the target, which requires specific interactions with the active site. Novel ligands aim to overcome off-target-related side effects such as peripheral neuropathy, which is frequently observed in cancer patients treated with the FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors bortezomib (1) or carfilzomib (2). A systematic comparison of electrophilic headgroups recently identified the class of α-keto amides as promising for next generation drug development. On the basis of crystallographic knowledge, we were able to develop a structure-activity relationship (SAR)-based approach for rational ligand design using an electronic parameter (Hammett's σ) and in silico molecular modeling. This resulted in the tripeptidic α-keto phenylamide BSc4999 [(S)-3-(benzyloxycarbonyl-(S)-leucyl-(S)-leucylamino)-5-methyl-2-oxo-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)hexanamide, 6a], a highly potent (IC50=38 nM), cell-permeable, and slowly reversible covalent inhibitor which targets both the primed and non-primed sites of the proteasome's substrate binding channel as a special criterion for selectivity. The improved inhibition potency and selectivity of this new α-keto phenylamide makes it a promising candidate for targeting a wider range of tumor subtypes than commercially available proteasome inhibitors and presents a new candidate for future studies.
Palladium-catalyzed cascade process consisting of isocyanide insertion and benzylic C(sp3)-H activation: Concise synthesis of indole derivatives
Nanjo, Takeshi,Tsukano, Chihiro,Takemoto, Yoshiji
, p. 4270 - 4273 (2012/10/08)
Synthesis of the indole skeleton was achieved using a Pd-catalyzed cascade process consisting of isocyanide insertion and benzylic C(sp3)-H activation. It was found that slow addition of isocyanide is effective for reducing the amount of catalyst needed and Ad2PnBu is a good ligand for C(sp3)-H activation. The construction of the tetracyclic carbazole skeleton was also achieved by a Pd-catalyzed domino reaction incorporating alkyne insertion.
Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp2)-H amidination by isonitrile insertion provides direct access to 4-aminoquinazolines from N-arylamidines
Wang, Yong,Wang, Honggen,Peng, Jiangling,Zhu, Qiang
, p. 4604 - 4607 (2011/10/12)
An efficient method for the synthesis of 4-amino-2-aryl(alkyl)quinazolines from readily available N-arylamidines and isonitriles via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aryl C-H amidination by isonitrile insertion has been developed.
