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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

A new insight into the push-pull effect of substituents via the stilbene-like model compounds

In this paper, authors report on 1-pyridyl-2-arylethenes, 1-furyl-2-arylethylenes, 1,2-diphenylpropylenes and substituted cinnamyl anilines as stilbene-like model compounds to investigate the factors dominating the push-pull effect of substituents via usi

Determination and application of the excited-state substituent constants of pyridyl and substituted phenyl groups

Thirty six 1-pyridyl-2-arylethenes XCH=CHArY (abbreviated XAEY) were synthesized, in which, X is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl and Y is OMe, Me, H, Br, Cl, F, CF3, and CN. Their ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured in anhydrous ethanol, and their wavelengths of absorption maximum λmax were recorded. Also, the 234 λmax values of 1-substituted phenyl-2-arylethylene compounds (XAEY, where X is substituted phenyl) were collected. The excited-state substituent constants (Formula presented.) of three pyridyl groups and 23 substituted phenyl groups (total of 26) were obtained by means of curve-fitting method. Taking the λmax values of 358 samples of bi-arylethene derivatives as a data set and 126 samples of bi-aryl Schiff bases (including nine compounds synthesized by this work) as another data set, quantitative correlation analyses were performed by employing the obtained (Formula presented.) as a parameter, and good results were obtained for the two data sets. The reliability of the obtained (Formula presented.) values was verified. The results of this paper can provide excited-state substituent constants for the study and application of optical properties of conjugated organic compounds containing aryl groups.

[2+2] Photodimerization of Stilbazoles Promoted by Oxalic Acid in Suspension

In this study, a very simple technique to perform efficiently photodimerization of some vinylpyridines is reported. By irradiating a stirred mixture of several stilbazoles with solid oxalic acid dihydrate dispersed in a nonpolar (i.e., cyclohexane) or moderately polar (benzene, dichloromethane, dioxane) solvent, the corresponding dimeric cyclobutane adducts were obtained in high yields and excellent regio- and stereoselectivities. The strategy could also be applied successfully to oily, waxy, or even insoluble stilbazoles. Moreover, the oxalic acid loading could be lowered to substoichiometric amounts. When further optimizations were needed, our strategy was found to be highly flexible to identify other oligocarboxylic acids as alternative additives to improve, or even overturn, the regioselectivity. Oxalic acid and other oligocarboxylic acids were found to be capable of orienting more than 50 stilbazoles toward photodimerization under these conditions.

Stereoselective Solid-State Synthesis of Substituted Cyclobutanes Assisted by Pseudorotaxane-like MOFs

Regioselective photodimerization of trans-4-styrylpyridine (4-spy) derivatives is performed using pseudorotaxane-like Zn-based metal organic frameworks MOFs as templates. The formation of rctt-HT (head-to-tail) dimers is achieved by confining pairs of coordinated 4-spy derivative ligands within hexagonal windows and then irradiating them with UV light. It is also possible to achieve a photodimerization reaction where two different substituted 4-spy ligands are included in such a MOF material. The ether bond formation is employed to protect the sensitive -OH group of HO-spy and the methyl group of CH3O-spy is subsequently removed after the formation of cyclobutane derivative in the CH3O-spy-based MOF. Introducing substituents at the 2- or 3-position of the phenyl group of 4-spy does not significantly affect the rate of the dimerization process except in the case of the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group where the rate is significantly decreased. These results are in striking contrast to the mixtures of photoproducts and low yields obtained by untemplated photodimerization in organic solvents.

1,4-Diphenalkylpiperidines: A new scaffold for the design of potent inhibitors of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2

A series of 1,4-diphenalkylpiperidine analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity and inhibitory potency at the [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) binding site and [3H]dopamine (DA) uptake site on the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2). Results revealed that translocation of the phenethyl side chains of lobelane from C2 and C6 to C1 and C4 around the central piperidine ring slightly reduces affinity and inhibitory potency at VMAT2 with respect to lobelane. However, methoxy and fluoro-substitution of either phenyl ring of these 1,4-diphenethyl analogs afforded VMAT2 inhibition comparable or higher (5-fold) affinity at the DTBZ binding and DA uptake sites relative to lobelane, whereas replacement of the 4-phenethyl moiety in these analogs with a 4-phenmethyl moiety markedly reduced affinity for the DTBZ binding and DA uptake sites by 3- and 5-fold, respectively. Among the twenty five 1,4-diphenethylpiperidine analogs evaluated, compounds containing a 4-(2-methoxyphenethyl) moiety exhibited the most potent inhibition of DTBZ binding and vesicular DA uptake. From this subgroup, analogs 8h, 8j and 8m exhibited Ki values of 9.3 nM, 13 nM and 13 nM, respectively, for inhibition of [3H]DA uptake by VMAT2, and represent some of the most potent inhibitors of VMAT2 function reported thus far.

Inhibitory effect of cytotoxic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic stilbene analogues on VEGF protein secretion and VEGF, hTERT and c-Myc gene expression

A group of 21 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic stilbene derivatives, prepared by means of Heck coupling reactions, has been investigated for their cytotoxicity as well as their ability to inhibit the production of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the activation of telomerase. The ability of these compounds to inhibit proliferation of two tumoral cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7) and one non-tumoral cell line (HEK-293) was first determined. Subsequently, we determined the capacity of the compounds to inhibit the secretion of VEGF in the aforementioned cell lines and downregulate the expression of the VEGF, hTERT and c-Myc genes, of which the latter two are involved in controlling the activation of telomerase.

Ligand-free palladium-catalysed oxidative Heck reaction of 4-vinylpyridine with arylboronic acids: Selective synthesis of (E)-4-styrylpyridines

A ligand-free palladium-catalysed oxidative Heck reaction of various arylboronic acids with 4-vinylpyridine has been developed, achieving (E)-4-styrylpyridines with high selectively in moderate to good yields. A plausible mechanism for the formation of (E)-4-styrylpyridines has been proposed.