31468-22-1Relevant articles and documents
Proton transfer between carbon acids and methoxide: Studies in methanol, the gas phase and by Ab initio MO calculations
Koch, Heinz F.,Mishima, Masaaki,Zuilhof, Ban
, p. 567 - 572 (1998)
A detailed mechanism that features hydrogen-bonded carbanions as well as free carbanions is presented for hydrogen transfer between carbon acids and methoxide ion in methanol. This is refined for several compounds by measuring their gas phase acidities, ΔGAcid0 kcal/mol: C6H5CH(CF3)2 [335.3]; p-C6H4CHClCF3 [337.4]; 9-phenylfluorene [335.6]; C6F5H [349.2]. Ab inilio molecular orbital calculations are reported to evaluate the stability of possible intermediates along the reaction pathway from 2-hydro-2-phenyl-perfluoropropane and methoxide ion to the carbanion and methanol. The intermediate, {C6H5C(CF3)2} -·HOCH3, is 6.8 kcal/mol more stable than the separated species, {C6H5C(CF3)2}- and CH3OH, and 43.2 kcal/rnol more stable than C6H5CH(CF3)2 and -OCH3. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, 1998.
Magic acid free generation of antiaromatic dications at room temperature
McClintock, Sean P.,Mills, Nancy S.
experimental part, p. 10254 - 10257 (2012/02/04)
A new method for the generation of dicationic species via ionization of diols is described. The method makes use of milder reagents at room temperatures, an advantage over use of Magic Acid at -78 °C. A series of mono- and dications were synthesized successfully, including previously unattainable species.
Comparison of gas-phase acidities of some carbon acids with their rates of hydron exchange in methanolic methoxide
DeTuri, Vincent F.,Koch, Heinz F.,Koch, Judith G.,Lodder, Gerrit,Mishima, Masaaki,Zuilhof, Han,Abrams, Neal M.,Anders, Cecily E.,Biffinger, Justin C.,Han, Patrick,Kurland, Adam R.,Nichols, Jason M.,Ruminski, Anne M.,Smith, Patricia R.,Vasey, Karen D.
, p. 308 - 317 (2007/10/03)
Hydron exchange reaction rates, kexch M-1s -1, using methanolic sodium methoxide are compared with gas-phase acidities, ΔGAcid0 kcal/mol, for four 9-YPhenylfluorenes-9-iH, seven YC6/s
Photochemistry of 3H-indazoles in protic media. Benzyl cations via protonation of 2-methylene-3,5-cyclohexadienylidenes
Fehr,Fehr, Olaf C.,Grapenthin,Grapenthin, Olaf,Kilian,Kilian, Joerg,Kirmse,Kirmse, Wolfgang,Steenken,Steenken, Steen
, p. 5887 - 5890 (2007/10/02)
Photolysis of 3,3-disubstituted 3H-indazoles in protic media (ROH) gives rise to benzyl ethers, in addition to hydrocarbons (derivatives of benzocyclopropene, styrene, and fluorene) which are also found in aprotic solvents. In the presence of ROD, the benzyl ethers are formed with incorporation of deuterium into the ortho position, pointing to protonation of 2-methylene-3,5-cyclohexadienylidenes. Laser flash photolysis of 3H-indazoles generates diazo compounds and benzyl cations as transient intermediates.
Reactivities of 9-Arylfluoren-9-yl and 1-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)ethyl Cations in Water and Trifluoromethanol Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis
Cozens, Frances L.,Mathivanan, N.,McClelland, Robert A.,Steenken, Steen
, p. 2083 - 2090 (2007/10/02)
9-Arylfluoren-9-yl cations have been observed as transient intermediates upon 248 nm laser photolysis of 9-arylfluoren-9-ols in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 1:4 (v/v) acetonitrile-water.Quantum yields for the formation of the cations were measured and found to lie in the range 0.5-0.8.Rate constants for the decay of the cations in the two solvents parallel each other, a plot of log kTFE versus log kw being linear with a slope of 1.00.These rate constants are approximately two orders of magnitude larger than those observed in the same solvent for the corresponding monosubstituted triarylmethyl cations.Substituent effects in the two series are similar.For both the hydration reaction and the overall equilibrium, a two-parameter treatment dissecting the substituent contributions into resonance and polar effects shows that the former are more important in the triarylmethyl series, while the latter are more important in the fluorenyl series.Twisting of the 9-aryl ring out of coplanarity with the fluorenyl ring is the likely cause of the diminished resonance interaction in this system.The 1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethyl cation has been observed in TFE and 1:1 TFE-W, being generated by photoprotonation of 4-dimethylaminostyrene.Rate constants for decay are about 50 times smaller than those previously estimated by a clock method.The failure of the latter approach is associated with the rate constant for the clock nucleophile becoming significantly less than diffusion control for this highly stable cation.An extended log kw-pKR correlation is constructed.This shows a series of reasonably parallel lines associated with different families.In considering cations with the same pKR, the order of inherent reactivity is 9-unsubstituted-9-xanthylium ca. cyclic dialkoxy-carbocation > phenyltropylium > diarylmethyl ca. 9-arylxanthylium > triarylmethyl ca. 9-arylfluoren-9-yl.The log kw-pKR data for each family are reasonably satisfied by a linear relationship, with a slope d(log kw)/dpKR of 0.6+/-0.1.The triarylmethyl and 9-arylfluoren-9-yl cations form a contiguous series covering 26 pKR units.The data for these indicate that there is probably a gentle downward curvature in the correlation, particularly at the high reactivity end.This is consistent with a Hammond effect on the transition state such that it becomes more cation-like in the hydration direction for more reactive cations.
ON THE 1H-NMR SPECTRA OF HIGHLY CHARGED MULTI-TRIPHENYLMETHYLIUM IONS
Wilcox, C.F.,Hellwinkel, D.,Stahl, H.,Gaa, H.G.,Doerner, M.
, p. 5501 - 5504 (2007/10/02)
Relative to their neutral precursors, highly charged multi-tritylium ions show typical downfield 1H-NMR shifts, whereas the corresponding phenylfluorenylium ions show upfield shifts.A Hueckel based model is presented that accounts for this contrasting behavior in terms of antiaromatic ring current in the five-membered ring of the fluorenyl system with essentially null ring currents in the two six-membered rings.
