3198-29-6

Usage

Uses

Used in Personal Care Products and Cosmetics:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, ion(2-) is used as a plasticizer in personal care products and cosmetics to increase the flexibility and durability of these products.
Used in Plastics:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, ion(2-) is used as a plasticizer in the production of soft vinyl plastics, making them more pliable and easier to work with.
Used in Paper Coating:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, ion(2-) is used as a plasticizer in paper coating to improve the flexibility and durability of the paper.
Used in Paints and Adhesives:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, ion(2-) is used as a plasticizer in paints and adhesives to improve their flexibility, adhesion, and durability.
Used in Medical Devices:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, ion(2-) is used in the production of certain medical devices, such as cardiac catheters and endotracheal tubes, to improve their flexibility and durability.
Used in Wires, Cables, Hoses, and Plastic Toys:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, ion(2-) is used as a plasticizer in the production of wires, cables, hoses, and plastic toys to improve their flexibility and durability.
Used in Enteric-Coated Pharmaceutical Tablets and Nutritional Supplements:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, ion(2-) is used as a viscosity control agent in enteric-coated pharmaceutical tablets and nutritional supplements to improve their consistency and stability.

Toxicity evaluation

Phthalates exhibit different toxicity profiles regarding their structures in the liver, kidneys, thyroid, and testes, which are the usual organs involved in general toxicity. The mechanism involved in hepatocarcinogenicity may be attributed to the modulation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-receptor and also gap junction intercellular communication due to continue oxidative stress and promoting cell growth. Two possible mechanisms of action are assumed for DEHP in testicular atrophy in rats. One may be due to decreasing zinc markedly in the testes. DEPH might cause its toxicity on the testis by changing expression of ZnT-1, which is a zinc transporter in the testes. Another possible mechanism of DEHP is associated to reduction of testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells together with inhibition of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in Sertoli cells. Adverse effects of phthalates like embryo lethality and teratogenic pregnancy are not associated to androgen receptor (lack of interaction with androgen receptor), but may be related to endocrine disruptors in rodents.

Upstream product

• 4123-68-6 deuterio-o-phthalic acid 

Downstream Products

• 766-76-7 benzoate 
• 858853-25-5 calcium phthalate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Chromogenic and fluorescent “turn-on” chemodosimeter for fluoride based on F?-sensitive self-immolative linker

A new chromogenic and fluorescent “turn-on” chemodosimeter 3 was designed and synthesized by using a fluoride-sensitive self-immolative linker, in combination with the fluorescent dyes 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin. The chemodosimeter exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward fluoride anions through “turn-on” chromogenic and fluorogenic dual modes.

First and Second Dissociation Constants of Deuterio-o-Phthalic Acid in D2O from 5 to 50 deg C

The first and second dissociation constants of deuterio-o-phthalic acid in deuterium oxide have been determined by the emf method over the temperature range of 5 to 50 deg C.The pD values for potassium deuterium phthalate have been calculated from these two constants and experimentally verified.The thermodynamic properties for the dissociation of deuterio-o-phthalic acid have been evaluated.At 25 deg C, these values in the molality scale are: pK1A = 3.505, pK2A = 5.890, and pD = 4.518.From K1A and K2A, respectively: ΔGo = 20.003, 33.582 kJ-mol-1; ΔHo = 2.851, 2.208 kJ-mol-1; ΔSo = -76.7, -105.2 J-mol-1-K-1; and ΔCop = -52.7, -315.6 J-mol-1-K-1.The isotope effect is discussed.

Reactions of carbonyl compounds in basic solutions. Part 33. 1 Effect of 2-trichloro-and tribromoacetyl substituents on the alkaline hydrolysis of methyl benzoate, as well as the hydrolysis of the corresponding benzoate anions and ionisation/ring-chain tautomerism of the corresponding acids

Rate coefficients have been measured for the alkaline hydrolysis of methyl 2-trichloro-and tribromoacetylbenzoate, as well as the alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding 2-trichloro-and tribromobenzoate anions, in 30% (v/v) dioxane-water at several temperatures. The relative rates of hydrolysis and activation parameters demonstrate relatively rapid hydrolysis via neighbouring group participation by the acyl-carbonyl group in the ester hydrolysis and slower hydrolysis via intramolecular fission of the adducts in the benzoate anion hydrolysis. The pKa values of the corresponding benzoic acids have been measured in water and their ring-chain tautomeric equilibrium constants determined.

Equilibrium and structural studies of silicon(IV) and aluminum(III) in aqueous solution. 16. Complexation and precipitation reactions in the H+-Al3+-phthalate system

Equilibria in the title system were studied in 0.6 mol dm-3 Na(Cl) medium (25°C) by using potentiometric (glass electrode) and tyndallometric methods. The Al complexation is characterized by the formation of the binary species AlL+ and AlL2- as well as by the polynuclear mixed hydroxo complexes Al3(OH)4L3+, Al2(OH)2L2+, and Al2(OH)2L2. The mononuclear species are of intermediate stability (log β1 = 2.94 ± 0.02, log β2 = 4.97 ± 0.14), whereas the polynuclear complexes show a higher stability (cf. log k(Al3(OH)45+ + L2- ? Al3(OH)4L3+) = 5.10 ± 0.03). A solid phase with the composition Al2(OH)4L·4H2O was found to determine the precipitation boundary. The following formation constant was deduced: log k(2Al3+ + L2- + 4H2O ? Al2(OH)4L(s) + 4H+) = 8.44 ± 0.08. This phase may be considered as the first precipitation step in the hydrolysis of aqueous aluminum phthalates to stable aluminum hydroxide and aluminate ions. The solid phase has also been characterized from X-ray analysis of powders, TGA, and IR spectra. Considering the phthalate ion as a possible binding site in humic substances, the significance of complexation and precipitation reactions in natural waters are discussed.