338747-41-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
BQCA is used as a highly selective positive allosteric modulator of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) for the treatment of cognitive disorders. It prevents scopolamine-induced memory deficits in both contextual fear conditioning and a spontaneous alternation task in mice. Additionally, it restores impairment in reversal learning in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease and improves memory performance in rats.

Biochem/physiol Actions

BQCA is a potent muscarinic M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator with selectivity for M1 over M2-M5. It potentiates M1 activity in in vitro and in vivo assays and is orally bioavailable. Muscarinic 1 (M1) receptors are expressed in brain regions responsible for attention and memory, including hippocampus, cortex, and striatum. BQCA binds allosterically to M1 to enhance the binding and efficacy of ACh at the receptor. M1 activation is a proposed mechanism for increasing information processing in disease states, such as Alzheimer′s. M1 agonists are being studied as potential therapeutic agents to treat Alzheimer′s disease and the cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. BQCA has been shown to improve performance in cognition tasks and increase cerebral blood flow.

in vitro

bqca alone showed no effect on calcium mobilization up to 10 μm but increased ach potency 128.8 ± 20.1-fold at 100 μm. in cho cells stably expressing human m1, bqca (100 μm) activated m1 in the absence of ach to an approximate 50% maximal response. bqca had no effect on m2–m5, indicating 100-fold selectivity [1]. bqca dose-dependently reduced the concentration of acetylcholine required to activate the m1 receptor [1]. the effective range for potentiation of m1 in cells by bqca was 0.1 to 100 μm, with an inflection point value of 845 nm when 3 nm acetylcholine was used [1].

in vivo

in wild-type mice, bqca (15 mg/kg) induced c-fos and arc rna in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum and the arc was also elevated in the striatum. bqca had no effect in m1-/- mice. in wild-type mice, oral administration of 15 mg/kg bqca increased the ratio of phosphoerk (perk) to total erk by 28%. bqca showed excellent brain penetration and increased the firing rate of medial prefrontal cortex neurons in vivo in rats [2].

references

[1] ma l, seager m a, wittmann m, et al. selective activation of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor achieved by allosteric potentiation[j]. proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 2009, 106(37): 15950-15955.[2] shirey j k, brady a e, jones p j, et al. a selective allosteric potentiator of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor increases activity of medial prefrontal cortical neurons and restores impairments in reversal learning[j]. journal of neuroscience, 2009, 29(45): 14271-14286.

InChI:InChI=1S/C18H15NO4/c1-23-13-8-6-12(7-9-13)10-19-11-15(18(21)22)17(20)14-4-2-3-5-16(14)19/h2-9,11H,10H2,1H3,(H,21,22)

Upstream product

• 71083-59-5 1,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carbonitrile 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 4-Quinolones using Water as a Benign Reaction Media: Application for the Construction of Oxolinic Acid and BQCA

A copper-catalyzed three-component synthetic method has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 4-quinolone derivatives from substituted 3-(2-halophenyl)-3-oxopropane, aldehydes and aq. NH3 using water as an environmentally benign reaction media. Moreover, the synthetic utility of the obtained products has been successfully applied for the synthesis of available oxolinic acid and BQCA drugs. The key features of this approach include commercially available starting materials, broad scope, and moderate to good reaction yields. Reaction with formaldehyde, and other functionalities such as ?CN, ?NO2, ?SO2Ar, and ?COAr were also successful. In addition, reaction with heterocyclic compounds such as 3-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile proceeded smoothly to afford tetrahydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carbonitrile analogues. The practicality of the designed protocol was confirmed by gram scale synthesis of two derivatives. (Figure presented.).

QUINOLONE M1 RECEPTOR POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS

The present invention is directed to quinolone compounds of general formula (I) which are M1 receptor positive allosteric modulators and that are useful in the treatment of diseases in which the M1 receptor is involved, such as Alzheimer's disease, pain or sleep disorders, and to novel M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator compounds of formulae (II) to (VIII). The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and to the use of the compounds and compositions in the treatment of diseases in which the M1 receptor is involved.