3467-68-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Direct Allylic C(sp3)-H Thiolation with Disulfides via Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis
Hong, Soon Hyeok,Kang, Byungjoon,Kim, Jungwon
, p. 6013 - 6022 (2020/07/03)
In spite of the wide utility of allyl thioethers, the direct catalytic allylic C(sp3)-H thiolation remains elusive. Herein, we report the direct allylic C(sp3)-H thiolation mediated by visible light photoredox catalysis. The use of in situ-generated thiyl radical from disulfide as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent and a coupling partner enabled selective cleavage of the allylic C(sp3)-H bond followed by C(sp3)-S bond formation. The undesired hydrothiolation, a prevalent reaction from facile thiyl radical addition to olefins, was prevented by the immediate deprotonation of thiol under basic conditions. A wide range of diaryl disulfides and olefins participated in the reaction, producing allyl thioethers with high efficiency. Mechanistic investigations revealed the participation of the photocatalyst as a redox mediator, which was crucial for the transformation of the allyl radical into the allyl cation and further ionic coupling process. Based on the proposed mechanism, a limitation in the synthesis of alkyl allyl sulfide was solved with a rationally designed more reducible unsymmetrical disulfide, which makes the desired catalytic cycle operative.
Mono- and bisadducts from the addition of thianthrene cation radical salts to cycloalkenes and alkenes
Qian, Ding-Quan,Shine, Henry J.,Guzman-Jimenez, Ilse Y.,Thurston, John H.,Whitmire, Kenton H.
, p. 4030 - 4039 (2007/10/03)
Thianthrene cation radical salts, Th.+ X-(X- = a, ClO4-; b, PF6-; c, SbF6-), add to cycloalkenes (C5-C8) in acetonitrile (MeCN) to form 1,2-bis(5-thianthreniumyl)cycloalkane salts and 1,2-(5,10-thianthreniumdiyl)cycloalkane salts, most of which have now been isolated and characterized. These are called bis- (3, 6, 9, 12) and monoadducts (4, 7, 10, 13). The proportional amount of the monoadduct obtained in the initial stage of the reaction varied with the cycloalkene in the order C6 ? C5 7 ? C8. Thus, the ratio bis:mono for C5 and C7 was, respectively, about 80/20 and 50/50. In contrast, only about 5% of the C6 monoadduct (7a) and none of 7b, c was obtained, while for C8 none of the bisadducts 12a-c was found. Bisadducts 3 and 9 lost thianthrene (Th) slowly in MeCN solution and changed into monoadducts 4 and 10. A comparable change from 6a into 7a was not observed. The monoadducts, themselves, lost a proton slowly in dry MeCN and opened into 1-(5-thianthreniumyl)cycloalkenes (5, 8, 11, 14). With 3 and 9, particularly, it was possible to follow with NMR spectroscopy the succession of changes, for example, 3 to 4 to 5. The opening of a monoadduct was made faster by adding a small amount of water to the solution. The bisadducts of 4-methylcyclohexene (15a) and 1,5- cyclooctadiene (17a) were isolated and characterized. Although a small amount of monodduct (16a) of 4-methylcyclohexene was found with NMR spectroscopy, it could not be isolated. Bis- and monoadducts were obtained also in additions of Th.+ ClO4- to acyclic alkenes, in relative amounts that, again, varied with the alkene. From cis-2-butene the dominant product was the bisadduct (18), while the monoaduct (19) was characterized with NMR spectroscopy but could not be isolated. In contrast, trans-3-hexene gave mainly the monoadduct (21), while the bis adduct (20) could not be isolated. With 4-methyl-cis-2-pentene, both bis- (22) and monoadduct (23) were isolated, the former being dominant. The conversion of 18 into 19 was characterized with NMR spectroscopy. In all cycloalkene bisadducts, the configurational relationship of the two thianthrenium groups was trans, while in the monoadducts, the bonds to the single thianthrene dication were (necessarily) cis. In both bis- and monoadducts of acyclic alkenes, the configuration of the alkene was retained. The mechanisms of addition with retention of configuration, of conversion of a bis- into a monoadduct, and of opening of a monoadduct are discussed. Products were identified with a combination of NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and (for cycloalkene adducts) reaction with thiophenoxide ion.
Synthesis of beta-substituted cyclopentenones via carbon alkylation of metalated gamma-methoxycyclopentenyl phenylsulfonyl anion
Kim, Seong Heon,Jin, Zhendong,Fuchs
, p. 4537 - 4538 (2007/10/02)
Metalation of γ-methoxyallyl sulfone 13 provides phenylsulfonyl anion 2a which undergoes alkylation followed by hydrolysis to afford β-substituted cyclopentenones.
