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• 443-69-6 5-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 
• 151-18-8 2-cyanoethylamine 
• 126-81-8 dimedone 
• 3471-13-4 dimedone 
• 109-77-3 malononitrile 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Guanine base stabilized on the magnetic nanoparticles as recyclable catalyst “on water” for the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives

Guanine stabilized on the surface of silica-modified magnetic nanoparticles, by the propyl group as a linker, (Fe3O4@SiO2-n-(propyl)-guanine), was prepared, identified and used as a recyclable base in the synthesis of novel spirooxindole compounds and highly substituted dihydro-2-oxopyrroles in aqueous media. Fe3O4@SiO2-n-(propyl)-guanine was characterized via some spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as Infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and NMR-detected hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange technique. The synthesized nanocomposite was employed as a new base catalyst for the synthesis of some novel spirooxindole compounds and highly substituted dihydro-2-oxopyrroles in aqueous media with good to excellent yields. This heterogeneous base catalyst could be recycled and reused up to ten times without appreciable loss of activity.

Highly efficient and green synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,9′-xanthene]trione and spiro[chromene-4,3′-indoline]-3-carbonitrile derivatives in water catalyzed by graphene oxide-supported dicationic ionic liquid

In this article, a mild and highly efficacious synthetic route has been developed for the synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,9′-xanthene]trione and spiro[chromene-4,3′-indoline]-3-carbonitrile derivatives using graphene oxide-supported dicationic ionic liquid (DIL@GO) as a heterogeneous catalyst in aqueous media. Targeted spiro[indoline-3,9′-xanthene]trione derivatives were synthesized via one-pot condensation of substituted isatins and 1,3-diketone compounds (1,3-cyclohexanedione/dimedone), and spiro[chromene-4,3′-indoline]-3-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized via one-pot reaction of substituted isatins, malononitrile, and enolizable C-H-activated compounds (2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione/dimedone). The DIL@GO catalyst demonstrated outstanding catalytic capabilities in all the tested reactions and yielded excellent isolated yields of the final products within a short reaction time. Additionally, the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst facilitates catalyst separation through centrifugation, and its reusability up to five successive reaction cycles with retention in activity makes this methodology more advantageous and environmentally benign. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

An efficient one-pot multi-component synthesis of spirooxindoles using Fe3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite as a green and reusable catalyst in aqueous media

In this study, an efficacious method is described for the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives using Fe3O4/g-C3N4 as a green catalyst. This is a one-pot three-component condensation in water as a clean and environmentally favorable media. The present procedure proposes various remarkable privileges such as mild reaction conditions, simple work-up procedure and environment friendly. Moreover, the catalyst used is easily recovered by the external magnetic field and reused without significant deterioration in catalytic activity after at least six times.

Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM): An efficient organocatalyst in diversity-oriented and environmentally benign synthesis of spirochromenes

Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane has been demonstrated to be an efficient organocatalyst in diversity-oriented synthesis of medicinally prevalent spirochromenes by one-pot, three-component reactions between isatins, malononitrile, and enolizable C–H acids l

Synthesis of functionalized chromene and spirochromenes using L-proline-melamine as highly efficient and recyclable homogeneous catalyst at room temperature

An efficient and recyclable homogeneous catalyst is developed using commercially cheap L-proline and melamine for the synthesis of chromenes and spirochromenes (spirooxindoles) via multicomponent reactions at room temperature. Systematic studies were conducted in order to achieve desired reactivity and recyclability of the catalyst using various α-amino acids and aromatic amines as donor-acceptor pairs. Among the screened combinations, L-proline and melamine (3:1 ratio; 3 mol% on total weight) was found to be best catalyst to give the desired products with excellent yields (up to 99%) in very short times (1–15 min) at room temperature in DMSO as solvent. The catalyst was recovered by adding EtOAc and reused up to 5 cycles without losing the catalytic activity.

Introduction of a novel basic ionic liquid containing dual basic functional groups for the efficient synthesis of spiro-4H-pyrans

In this research the synthesis of 1,1′-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) hydroxide as an effective basic ionic liquid containing dual basic functional groups is reported. After characterization using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass analyses, this reagent is efficiently used for promotion of the synthesis of spiro-4H-pyrans via one-pot three-component condensation through a domino Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization sequence. The attractive features of this process are simple procedure, short reaction times, high yields, no column chromatographic separation, commercial availability of the starting materials and recyclability of the catalyst.

An efficient and practical synthesis of specially 2-amino-4H-pyrans catalyzed by C4(DABCO-SO3H)2·4Cl

A mild, simple and convenient procedure for the synthesis of spiro-oxindole heterocycles containing fused 4H-pyran ring and also bis-2-amino-4H-pyrans derivatives was described using C4(DABCO-SO3H)2·4Cl as a nano, efficien

Diethylene glycol-bis(3-methylimidazolium) dihydroxide as a dicationic ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of 4H-pyrane derivatives in aqueous medium

Diethylene glycol-bis(3-methylimidazolium) dihydroxide [DiEG(mim)2][OH]2 was prepared by the reaction between sodium hydroxide and diethylene glycol-bis(3-methylimidazolium) dibromide in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. This soli

A clean and expedient synthesis of spirooxindoles catalyzed by silica-sulfuric acid nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable reagent

An atom-efficient, one-pot, three-component synthetic method, using silica-sulfuric acid nanoparticles as catalyst, has been developed for preparation of biologically important spirooxindoles. The reaction involves the use of isatin or 5-fluoroisatin, mal

ZrO2 nanoparticles as a reusable solid dual acid-base catalyst for facile one-pot synthesis of multi-functionalized spirooxindole derivatives under solvent free condition

A two-step one-pot protocol for the facile synthesis of biologically important spirooxindole derivatives such as spiro[4H-pyran-3,3′-oxindoles] and spiro[indoline-3,4′(1H′)-pyrano-[2,3-c]pyrazol-2-ones has been developed. In this method ZrO2 na