35822-46-9

Usage

Uses

A toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin detected in domestic meat and poultry.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN are not available. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN is probably combustible.

InChI:InChI=1/C12HCl7O2/c13-2-1-3-10(7(17)4(2)14)21-12-9(19)6(16)5(15)8(18)11(12)20-3/h1H

Upstream product

• 87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol 
• 1746-01-6 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo[1,4]dioxine 
• 58-90-2 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 
• 39227-28-6 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin 
• 1194-65-6 2,6-dichloro-benzonitrile 
• 7572-29-4 dichloroethyne 
• 88-06-2 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 
• 74-86-2 acetylene 
• 95-95-4 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 
• 1897-45-6 chlorothalonil 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Effects of oxygen on formation of PCB and PCDD/F on extracted fly ash in the presence of carbon and cupric salt

The effect of oxygen-nitrogen atmosphere (N2 + 10%O2, N2 + 1%O2 and 99.999% N2) on the formation of PCB, PCDD and PCDF by the de novo synthetic reactions in the system consisting of extracted fly ash

Formation and emission status of PCDDS/PCDFS in municipal solid waste incinerators in korea

This study was carried out to examine the formation and the emission status of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/ polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) in the flue gases of commercial-scale municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators, and thus to provi

Dioxins from thermal and metallurgical processes: Recent studies for the iron and steel industry

In thermal metallurgical processes such as iron ore sintering and metal smelting operations, large flows of off-gases are generated. Mainly due to residue recycling in such processes, chlorine and volatile organics are always present in the feed. As a consequence of de novo formation, the off-gases from such processes typically contain dioxins in the range 0.3-30 ng I-TEQ/Nm3. So far there are only very few studies about the mechanisms of dioxin formation and destruction in these metallurgical processes. In an European Union (EU) research project Minimization of dioxins in thermal industrial processes: mechanisms, monitoring and abatement (MINIDIP) , integrated iron and steel plant has been selected as one of the industrial sectors for further investigation. A large number of particulate samples (feed, belt siftings, electrofilter) were collected from the iron ore sintering installations from various steel plants and analyzed for their organochlorocompound contents. Measurable amounts of PCDD/F, PCBz, PCB were found for all samples. The various parameters influencing their de novo synthesis activity were also evaluated in laboratory experiments, and such activity was found to be moderate for samples from the ore sinter belt, but extremely high for some ESP dusts. Fine dust is active in a wide range of temperatures starting at 200°C and declining above 450°C; the optimal temperature for de novo synthesis was found to be around 350°C; some inhibitors, such as triethanolamine, may reduce de novo activity by 50%, and lowering the O2 concentration in the gas stream leads to a much lower amount of PCDD/F formation. On the basis of their relative mass, typical operating conditions and specific activity of the different samples, the regions in the sintering plant where de novo synthesis may take place were tentatively established.

Removal of dioxins and related aromatic hydrocarbons from flue gas streams by adsorption and catalytic destruction

The dioxin removing capacity of the shell dedioxin system (SDDS a - Ti/V oxidative type catalyst) has been tested using the Umefa lab-scale incinerator over the temperature range 100 -230°C and at space velocities of 8000 and 40,000 h-1. Other analogous organic compounds, such as PCBs, PAHs, chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols have also been investigated. Results show a high degree of dioxin removal already at 100°C (82%), which occurs mainly by adsorption. When the temperature is raised a transition towards destruction is seen and at 150°C, gas hour space velocity (GHSV) 8000 and at 230°C, GHSV 40,000 virtually all removal is by destruction. High PCDD/F destruction efficiencies are reported (> 99.9%, based on I-TEQ); the other dioxin-related species and PAHs are also removed and destroyed to a significant extent. The SDDS has proved to be an effective means of destroying organic compounds in the gas phase, particularly dioxins, at temperatures as low as 150°C.

PCDD/F inhibition by prior addition of urea to the solid fuel in laboratory experiments and results statistical evaluation

The objectives of this work were to study the effect of urea addition to the fuel before the combustion on the suppression of PCDD/F emissions, to examine the influence of urea to PCDD/F isomer patterns by employing statistical analysis techniques and to determine the most effective method of urea addition. Urea in the form of powder and as an aqueous solution was mixed with RDF and the fuel mixtures were incinerated in a lab-scale reactor at 1000°C. PCDD/F emitted during combustion experiments were collected in a quartz wool filter downstream the reactor unit. Analysis and quantification of PCDD/F showed that urea significantly affected PCDD/F emissions. Combustion of RDF containing 10% w/w urea resulted in PCDD/F emissions lower than 8 I-TEQ ng/g RDF, while the corresponding average value from single RDF combustion was 17 I-TEQ ng/g RDF. The PCDD/F prevention capacity of urea was independent from the method of urea addition to the fuel, as similar results were obtained after the addition of urea in the solid and in the aqueous phases. Results assessment by statistical methods showed that isomer patterns remained almost stable and were not affected by the method of urea addition.

PCDD/DF formations by the heterogeneous thermal reactions of phenols and their TiO2 photocatalytic degradation by batch-recycle system

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) formation by the thermal reactions of phenols with CuCl2 under oxygen flux were carried out in relation to their formation mechanisms: To evaluate the effect of photocatalytic degra

The effect of oils on PAH, PCDD, PCDF, and PCB emissions from a spark engine fueled with leaded gasoline

The effect of synthetic and mineral oils on the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) in emissions from a spark ignition engine was studied on a Skoda Favorit engine fueled with leaded gasoline. The test cycle simulated urban traffic conditions on a chassis dynamometer, in accordance with the ECC 83.00 test. The data for selected PAHs as well as PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs congener profiles are presented. PCDD/Fs emissions for an unused oil and the oil after 10 000-km operation varied from 300 to 2000 fmol/m3, PCBs emissions from 75 to 178 pmol/m3, and PAHs emissions from 150 to 420 μg/m3. The content of PCBs in oils varied from 2 to 920 mg/kg.

Copper-catalyzed chlorination and condensation of acetylene and dichloroacetylene

The chlorination and condensation of acetylene at low temperatures is demonstrated using copper chlorides as chlorinated agents coated to model borosilicate surfaces. Experiments with and without both a chlorine source and borosilicate surfaces indicate the absence of gas-phase and gas-surface reactions. Chlorination and condensation occur only in the presence of the copper catalyst. C2 through C8 organic products were observed in the effluent; PCDD/F were only observed from extraction of the borosilicate surfaces. A global reaction model is proposed that is consistent with the observed product distributions. Similar experiments with dichloroacetylene indicate greater reactivity in the absence of the copper catalyst. Reaction is observed in the gas-phase and in the presence of borosilicate surfaces at low temperatures. The formation of hexachlorobenzene is only observed in the presence of a copper catalyst. PCDD/F were only observed from extraction of the borosilicate surfaces. A global reaction model is proposed for the formation of hexachlorobenzene from dichloroacetylene. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Study of evolution of PCDD/F in sewage sludge-amended soils for land restoration purposes

The evolution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in sewage sludge-amended soils used in the restoration of degraded lands, like quarries, has been studied. Two experiments were performed: one in the lab, under controlled conditions, and another in a quarry. Two different doses of sewage sludge were applied in both experiments (with two types of application in the quarry experiment) and the evolution of the amended soils were compared with that of the respective control soils (without addition of sewage sludge). The samples were analyzed with a previously validated method by HRGC-HRMS after the extraction and the necessary clean-up steps. The results reveal that polluted sewage sludge increases PCDD/F concentration in soils and that these compounds are persistent in the matrix after long periods of time. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. The evolution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in sewage sludge-amended soils used in the restoration of degraded lands, like quarries, has been studied. Two experiments were performed: one in the lab, under controlled conditions, and another in a quarry. Two different doses of sewage sludge were applied in both experiments (with two types of application in the quarry experiment) and the evolution of the amended soils were compared with that of the respective control soils (without addition of sewage sludge). The samples were analyzed with a previously validated method by HRGC-HRMS after the extraction and the necessary clean-up steps. The results reveal that polluted sewage sludge increases PCDD/F concentration in soils and that these compounds are persistent in the matrix after long periods of time. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted in Spain to examine the evolution of PCDDs and PCDFs in sewage-sludge-amended soils. The PCDD/F concentrations were measured in the original sewage sludge and in soil samples over time. Results from the laboratory showed that the PCDD/F concentration in amended soils was related directly to the sewage-sludge dose applied. After 1 yr, however, no evolution of PCDD/Fs was observed in any sample. In the field, high dispersion was observed, which did not allow establishment of a concentration trend over time. (from Eighteenth Symp on Halogenated Environ Organic Pollutants-Dioxin '98, Stockholm, Sweden (Aug 17-21, 98)).

The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from carbon model mixtures containing ferrous chloride

The potential to form polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F) was investigated in carbon model systems containing ferrous chloride tetrahydrate and a matrix representative of that found in particle emission from the catalytic extraction process (CEP) for wastes. Various types of carbons were used resulting in different PCDD/F yields but, with one exception, similar homologue distributions. Due to the similarity between the turbostratic structure of the carbon in the representative CEP dusts and the carbon blacks used in the model system, experiments were performed using two carbon blacks (termed CBA and CBB). On a mass basis, CBB was more reactive over the temperature range of 275-325°C and reaction times of 20-60 min in the formation of PCDD/F; as well as more adsorptive in terms of the desorption of PCDD/F. On a volume basis, the reactivities and adsorptivities were similar. A maximum in PCDD/F formation occurred at an oxygen concentration of 2% in nitrogen. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.