36978-17-3

Upstream product

• 96-47-9 2-methyltetrahydrofuran 
• 98-88-4 benzoyl chloride 
• 2049-96-9 amyl benzoate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of chloroesters by the reaction of ethers with acyl chlorides catalyzed by ZnO

An efficient method for the synthesis of chloroesters by the reaction of ethers with acyl chlorides catalyzed by nano-ZnO under solvent-free condition at room temperature was described. The method is compatible with a range of ethers including tricyclic ethers, tetracyclic ethers, pentacyclic ethers and hexacyclic ethers and have afforded the products with moderate to good yields. The ZnO could be reused up to three times and the product yield after three cycles is 87%.

Silver-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Chlorination

A silver-catalyzed chlorination of benzylic, tertiary, and secondary C(sp3)-H bonds was developed. The reaction proceeded with as low as 0.2 mol % catalyst loading at room temperature under air atmosphere with synthetically useful functional group compatibility. The regioselectivity and reactivity tendencies suggest that the chlorination proceeded through a radical pathway, but an intermediate alkylsilver species cannot be ruled out.

Palladium(II) acetate catalyzed acylative cleavage of cyclic and acyclic ethers under neat conditions

During the development of a palladium catalyzed C–H activation cross-coupling reaction involving acyl halides, it was noted that palladium(II) acetate catalyzes the acylative cleavage of tetrahydrofuran (used as a solvent) at room temperature to afford the corresponding 4-chlorobutyl ester derivative. After optimization, the reaction was shown to work well with epoxides, oxetane and tetrahydrofuran, but only barely with oxanes at room temperature. Acyclic ethers systematically failed to react under similar conditions, but underwent complete conversion in a microwave reactor at 100 °C.

An efficient iron catalyzed regioselective acylative cleavage of ethers: Scope and mechanism

A method involving iron catalyzed acylative cleavage of cyclic and acyclic ethers with acyl/aroyl chlorides has been studied to produce chloroesters and esters respectively. Examination of the scope revealed that less electron rich alkyl group in unsymmetric, acyclic ether was acylated while the chloride derived from the counterpart moiety was volatile and difficult to isolate. In contrast, α-branched cyclic ethers were converted to the corresponding primary ester and secondary chloride. Steric hindrance of ether also plays an important role in acylative C-O bond cleavage. The mechanism of ether cleavage is proposed to involve a single electron initiated SN1 dissociative pathway.

Heavier chalcogenone complexes of bismuth(iii)trihalides: Potential catalysts for acylative cleavage of cyclic ethers

Heavier chalcogenones (S, Se and Te) of imidazole act as versatile ligands to yield a series of mononuclear and dinuclear bismuth(iii)complexes of heavier chalcogenones in excellent yield. These new bismuth heavier chalcogen derivatives are the first structurally characterized molecules, where the bismuth and heavier chalcogen ratio is 1:1. There is only one previous report of a crystal structure of a bismuth(iii)-imidazol selone compound and none with bismuth(iii)-imidazol tellone. The bismuth center in monomeric bismuth chalcogen trihalides depicts pseudo trigonal bipyramidal geometry, while the dimeric bismuth chalcogen trihalides demonstrate distorted square pyramidal geometry. The solid state structures of bismuth chalcogenone derivatives feature rare Bi...π(aryl) interactions. Thus, the centroid of the C6-ring suggests a half sandwich type of bismuth environment in mononuclear and dinuclear bismuth(iii) chalcogenone complexes. Notably, the Bi...π(aryl) interaction is not often noticed for mononuclear bismuth chalcogen compounds. Some of the bismuth(iii) chalcogenone complexes also exhibit C-H...π(aryl), C-H...S and C-H...Cl types of hydrogen bonding. The bismuth-chalcogen bond distance in mononuclear bismuth(iii)tribromide chalcogenone complexes is slightly longer than in mononuclear bismuth(iii)trichloride chalcogenone complexes. A gradual increase in carbon-chalcogen bond distance was observed from the free imidazole-chalcogenone to mononuclear bismuth(iii)trichloride chalcogenones, dinuclear bismuth(iii)trichloride chalcogenones and mononuclear bismuth(iii)tribromide chalcogenones and dinuclear bismuth(iii)tribromide chalcogenones. The UV-vis absorption properties and thermal decomposition properties of imidazol chalcogenones and their bismuth derivatives were investigated. Furthermore, the O-acylative cleavage of cyclic ethers was demonstrated using mononuclear and dinuclear bismuth(iii)complexes of heavier chalcogenones as catalysts. In contrast to bismuth(iii)trichloride and bismuth(iii)tribromide catalysts, mononuclear and dinuclear bismuth(iii)complexes of heavier chalcogenones are very active towards an acylative cleavage of cyclic ethers through a mild and regioselective strategy. In particular, mononuclear imidazolthione-bismuth(iii)trichloride is very active towards O-acylative cleavage of 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran. This journal is

Rhenium complex-catalyzed acylative cleavage of ethers with acyl chlorides

It was found that rhenium complex was an efficient catalyst for the acylative cleavage of C-O bond of ethers with acyl chlorides. When acyclic ethers were allowed to react with acyl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of ReBr(CO)5, acylative cleavage of C-O bond of acyclic ethers smoothly proceeded to give the corresponding esters in moderate to good yields. Similarly, cyclic ethers were acylative cleaved by acyl chlorides to give the corresponding chloro substituted esters in good yields by the use of Re 2O7 catalyst.

Bi(III) halides as efficient catalysts for the O-acylative cleavage of tetrahydrofurans: An expeditious entry to tetralins

The mild (DCM/20°C), quantitative, regioselective, O-acylative cleavage of tetrahydrofurans using organic acid halides with catalytic Bi(III) halides is reported. X-ray crystallography is used to rationalise the failure of the reaction in the case of certain crowded acid chlorides, and a useful aspect of chemoselectivity is revealed. The synthetic potential of this reaction is illustrated with a highly efficient O-acylative cleavage/intramolecular alkylation approach to tetralins.

Group 5 and group 6 metal halides as very efficient catalysts for acylative cleavage of ethers

Group 5 and 6 metal chlorides such as MoCl5, WCl6, NbCl5 and TaCl5 were found as very efficient catalysts for acylative cleavage of the C-O bond of ethers. Compared with conventional Lewis acid catalysts such as ZnCl2, AlCl3, SnCl4 and TiCl4, group 5 and 6 metal chlorides showed better results in the catalytic C-O bond cleavage of dibutyl ether with benzoyl chloride.

Organomercury/aluminum-mediated acylative cleavage of cyclic ethers

Epoxides and tetrahydrofurans are cleaved with concomitant acylation to chloroalkyl esters using a reagent system composed of an organomercurial, aluminum metal and an acid chloride. The cleavage is promoted under mild conditions by a range of readily-available cyclic β-alkoxychloromercurials and acid chlorides. Using mainly tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexene oxide as substrates, the yield of isolated chloroesters ranged from 52 to 96%.

Non-Catalyzed Cleavage Reactions of Ethers with Acyl Halides under High-Pressure Conditions

Various cyclic and acyclic ethers are efficiently cleaved with acyl chlorides or bromides to give ω-chloro- or ω-bromoesters under high-pressure conditions.