37067-27-9

Usage

Uses

Used in Cosmetic Industry:
Hydroquinone monosulfate potassium salt is used as a skin lightening agent for its ability to inhibit the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This application is particularly beneficial for treating hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
In the pharmaceutical sector, hydroquinone monosulfate potassium salt serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs. Its reducing properties make it a valuable component in the production of medications that require specific chemical reactions for their formation.
Used in Manufacturing Industry:
Hydroquinone monosulfate potassium salt is utilized as a chemical intermediate in the manufacturing of various products. Its ability to facilitate chemical reactions is essential in the production process, ensuring the successful synthesis of desired compounds.

InChI:InChI=1/C6H6O5S.K/c7-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)11-12(8,9)10;/h1-4,7H,(H,8,9,10);/q;+1/p-1

Upstream product

• 108-95-2 phenol 
• 123-31-9 hydroquinone 

Downstream Products

• 65343-67-1 ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoate 
• 20872-28-0 ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetate 
• 81947-94-6 n-butyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionate 
• 94050-90-5 (RS)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid 
• 70067-75-3 methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetate 
• 1878-84-8 (4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Campestarenes: New building blocks with 5-fold symmetry

Campestarene is a planar, shape-persistent macrocycle with 5-fold symmetry. A range of derivatives bearing peripheral functional groups suitable for generating supramolecular interactions has been designed and synthesised for potential applications in creating 2D quasicrystal molecular assemblies. The new campestarene derivatives bear ester, carboxylic acid, methoxy, bromo, 4-pyridyl, 4-cyanophenyl and 4-phenyl carboxylic acid groups, including further derivatives of the latter two bearing alkyl chains on the phenyl groups to improve solubility. The campestarene derivatives were prepared by reductive condensation of phenol precursors bearing nitro and formyl groups using Na2S2O4. The target functional groups were installed either by pre-cyclisation derivatisation or by synthesis of methoxy-substituted campestarene and subsequent derivatisation. The cyclisation reaction is tolerant of the functional groups introduced. The ten new campestarene derivatives were characterised by NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS, although the poor solubility of some examples precluded their detailed characterisation.

Urinary excretion of arbutin metabolites after oral administration of bearberry leaf extracts

An HPLC assay with fluorimetric detection of the arbutin metabolites hydroquinone glucuronide (2) and hydroquinone sulphate (6) in urine was developed and validated. Methylarbutin (4) and 6 were synthesised as reference substances. Compound 2 was prepared enzymatically from hydroquinone and uridine 5-diphosphoglucuronic acid using the glucosyltransferase system of rat liver microsomes and enriched by two liquid-liquid and an additional solid phase extraction. Compound 2 as the main component of this purified product was identified by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, by HPLC-MS, and by enzymatic hydrolysis to hydroquinone (5). The assay yields precise and accurate urine levels of 2, 5 and 6 in the concentration range expected after oral administration of recommended therapeutic doses of bearberry leaf extract. In a preliminary pharmacokinetic study on 3 volunteers the time-dependent renal excretion of arbutin metabolites 2, 5 and 6 was investigated after ingestion of an aqueous bearberry leaf extract containing an arbutin dose recommended by the German Kommission E. More than half of the administered dose of arbutin was excreted within 4 hours mainly in form of the metabolites 2 and 6 and more than 75% of the total applied arbutin was excreted within 24 h. The elimination of 5 was negligible in 2 out of 3 volunteers. The excretion of this metabolite in the third test person reached 5.6% of the total administered arbutin dose. The preliminary pharmacokinetic results confirm that renal elimination of toxicologically critical concentrations of the metabolite 5 will not be expected.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of postulated transient intermediate and substrate analogues as inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

An epoxybenzoquinone, 4-hydroxyphenoxypropionic acid, and 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-3-butenoic acid derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro inhibition activity against 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) from pig liver by the spectrophotometric enol-borate method. The biological data demonstrated that neither epoxybenzoquinone ester nor 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-3-butenoic acid is an inhibitor of 4-HPPD. The most potent 4-HPPD inhibitor tested was 3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM, which may serve as a lead compound for further design of more potent 4-HPPD inhibitors.

Process for the synthesis of phenoxyalkane derivatives

The invention concerns a process for the synthesis of a compound of formula I STR1 wherein: U and V may be chosen from a range of substituents including hydrogen, halogen, alkyl and alkoxy; R1 and R2 may be chosen from a range of substituents including hydrogen and alkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2; and W may be chosen from a range of substitutents including the group STR2 which may be a free carboxylic acid or derivative thereof; the process comprising reacting a sulfate ester of formula II, wherein Q is a cation, with a compound of formula III, wherein L is a leaving group STR3 and hydrolyzing the sulfate ester formed. Preferably the sulfate ester of formula II is prepared by the oxidation of a phenol of formula IV with a persulfate. STR4