3735-98-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
One-pot synthesis of NEMP, a VX surrogate, and reactivation of NeMP-inhibited electrophorus eel acetylcholinesterase by current antidotes
Cavalcante, Samir F.A.,Kitagawa, Daniel A.S.,Rodrigues, Rafael B.,Silva, Taynara C.,Bernardo, Leandro B.,Correa, Ana Beatriz A.,Simas, Alessandro B.C.
, p. 1095 - 1102 (2019)
The use of nerve agents, organophosphorus compounds which irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, in conflicts and terrorism has gained renewed geopolitical status in recent years. As no “universal antidote” has ever been produced, the development of a
The inhibition, reactivation and mechanism of VX-, sarin-, fluoro-VX and fluoro-sarin surrogates following their interaction with HuAChE and HuBuChE
Chao, Chih-Kai,Balasubramanian, Narayanaganesh,Gerdes, John M.,Thompson, Charles M.
, p. 220 - 227 (2018/07/06)
In this study, the mechanisms of HuAChE and HuBChE inhibition by Me-P(O) (OPNP) (OR) [PNP = p-nitrophenyl; R = CH2CH3, CH2CH2F, OCH(CH3)2, OCH(CH3) (CH2F)] representing surrogates and fluoro-surrogates of VX and sarin were studied by in vitro kinetics and mass spectrometry. The in vitro measures showed that the VX- and fluoro-VX surrogates were relatively strong inhibitors of HuAChE and HuBChE (ki ～ 105-106 M?1min?1) and underwent spontaneous and 2-PAM-mediated reactivation within 30 min. The sarin surrogates were weaker inhibitors of HuAChE and HuBChE (ki ～ 104-105 M?1min?1), and in general did not undergo spontaneous reactivation, although HuAChE adducts were partially reactivatable at 18 h using 2-PAM. The mechanism of HuAChE and HuBChE inhibition by the surrogates was determined by Q-TOF and MALDI-TOF mass spectral analyses. The surrogate-adducted proteins were trypsin digested and the active site-containing peptide bearing the OP-modified serine identified by Q-TOF as triply- and quadruply-charged ions representing the respective increase in mass of the attached OP moiety. Correspondingly, monoisotopic ions of the tryptic peptides representing the mass increase of the OP-adducted peptide was identified by MALDI-TOF. The mass spectrometry analyses validated the identity of the OP moiety attached to HuAChE or HuBChE as MeP(O) (OR)-O-serine peptides (loss of the PNP leaving group) via mechanisms consistent with those found with chemical warfare agents. MALDI-TOF MS analyses of the VX-modified peptides versus time showed a steady reduction in adduct versus parent peptide (reactivation), whereas the sarin-surrogate-modified peptides remained largely intact over the course of the experiment (24 h). Overall, the presence of a fluorine atom on the surrogate modestly altered the rate constants of inhibition and reactivation, however, the mechanism of inhibition (ejection of PNP group) did not change.
