37905-03-6Relevant articles and documents
Selective allylic hydroxylation of acyclic terpenoids by CYP154E1 from Thermobifida fusca YX
Bogazkaya, Anna M.,Von Buehler, Clemens J.,Kriening, Sebastian,Busch, Alexandrine,Seifert, Alexander,Pleiss, Juergen,Laschat, Sabine,Urlacher, Vlada B.
supporting information, p. 1347 - 1353 (2014/07/22)
Allylic alcohols are valuable precursors in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, agrochemicals and natural products. Regioselective oxidation of parental alkenes is a challenging task for chemical catalysts and requires several steps including protection and deprotection. Many cytochrome P450 enzymes are known to catalyse selective allylic hydroxylation under mild conditions. Here, we describe CYP154E1 from Thermobifida fusca YX that enables this type of oxidation. Several acyclic terpenoids were tested as possible substrates for CYP154E1, and the regio- and chemoselectivity of their oxidation was investigated. Using a previously established bioinformatics approach we identified position 286 in the active site of CYP154E1 which is putatively involved in substrate binding and thereby might have an effect on enzyme selectivity. To tune regio- and chemoselectivity of the enzyme three mutants at position 286 were constructed and used for substrate oxidation. All formed products were analysed with GC-MS and identified using chemically synthesised authentic samples and known compounds as references. Best regioselectivity towards geraniol and nerol was observed with the wild type enzyme mainly leading to 8-hydroxy derivatives (8-hydroxygeraniol or 8-hydroxynerol) with high selectivity (100% and 96% respectively). Highest selectivities during the oxidation of geranylacetone and nerylacetone were observed with the following variants: V286F led mainly to 7-hydroxygeranylacetone (60% of the total product) and V286A produced predominantly 12-hydroxynerylacetone (75% of total product). Thus, CYP154E1 and its mutants expand the tool-box for allylic hydroxylation in synthetic chemistry.
NOVEL DIHYDROXYBENZENE DERIVATIVES AND ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENT COMPRISING SAME AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT
-
Paragraph 0181; 0182, (2013/09/26)
Novel compounds below are useful for preventing or treating diseases caused by protozoans. At least one of a compound represented by Formula (I) (wherein, X represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R1 represents a hydrogen atom; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-7 alkyl group; R3 represents -CHO, -C(=O)R5, -COOR5 (wherein R5 represents a C1-7 alkyl group), -CH2OH or -COOH; and R4 represents a C1-16 alkyl group having one or more substituents on a terminal carbon atom and/or non-terminal carbon atom(s), a C2-16 alkenyl group having one or more substituents on a terminal carbon atom and/or non-terminal carbon atom(s), or a C2-16 alkynyl group having one or more substituents on a terminal carbon atom and/or non-terminal carbon atom(s)), an optical isomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is used.
Design and synthesis of biologically active analogues of vitamin K2: Evaluation of their biological activities with cultured human cell lines
Suhara, Yoshitomo,Hirota, Yoshihisa,Nakagawa, Kimie,Kamao, Maya,Tsugawa, Naoko,Okano, Toshio
, p. 3108 - 3117 (2008/09/19)
Novel ω-oxygenated vitamin K2 analogues were efficiently synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated. Some were biologically active and the side-chain played an important role in γ-carboxylation and apoptosis-inducing activity. The results provide useful information on the structure-activity relationship of vitamin K2 analogues for the development of new drugs.
Practical synthesis of 1,5-dimethyl substituted conjugated polyenes from geranyl acetate
Zhao, Yu-Jun,Loh, Teck-Peng
, p. 4972 - 4978 (2008/09/21)
A protocol to synthesize 1,5-dimethyl substituted conjugated polyenes via dehydrogenation of geranyl acetate was established. C5 unit elongation to multi-1,5-dimethyl substituted conjugated polyenes was also achieved via Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OXYGENIC COMPOUND
-
, (2008/06/13)
An oxidation catalyst composition is obtained by mixing a selenium compound, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound and an acid, and if necessary, in the presence of a solvent. The oxidation catalyst composition shows an oxidation catalyst activity in the oxidation reaction of an organic compound. For example, at least one oxygen-containing compound selected from an alcohol compound, an aldehyde compound, a ketone compound and a carboxylic acid compound is obtained by reacting the olefin compound having two or more hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom at α-position of a carbon-carbon double bond with an organic hydroperoxide compound in the presence of the oxidation catalyst composition.
Didehydrogeranylgeranyl (ΔΔGG): A fluorescent probe for protein prenylation
Liu,Prestwich
, p. 20 - 21 (2007/10/03)
The first intrinsically fluorescent analog of geranylgeraniol, (2E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-geranylgeraniol (all-trans-ΔΔGGOH·1) has been synthesized stereoselectively and shown to substitute for the geranylgeranyl (GG) moiety in prenyl transferase reactions and in protein-ligand binding assays. All-trans-ΔΔGGOH 1 showed blue fluorescence in methanol, with λex = 310 nm and λem = 410 nm (ε310 = 2.4 × 104 M-1 cm-1), but was only weakly fluorescent in aqueous solution. The prenyl transferase efficiency for ΔΔGGPP 2 as a substrate for yeast protein geranylgeranyl transferase (PGGTase-I) was 60% relative to that for GGPP. The binding of ΔΔGG-AcCysMe 3 to the recombinant Rho GTPase dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) had a KD of 15.1 ± 1.2 μM, 6-fold lower than the affinity of GG-AcCysMe. Thus, the ΔΔGG moiety is a novel fluorophore suitable for studying the interaction and subcellular localization of prenylated small GTPase proteins in signaling complexes. Copyright
Selenium dioxide E-methyl oxidation of suitably protected geranyl derivatives - Synthesis of farnesyl mimics
Fairlamb, Ian J.S.,Dickinson, Julia M.,Pegg, Mathew
, p. 2205 - 2208 (2007/10/03)
Difunctional allylic terpenes are important synthetic building blocks. Functionalisation of protected geranyl derivatives by SeO2 provides a convenient route to such compounds. The effect of the geranyl protecting group on the oxidation of the
Synthetic Studies on Biscembranoids. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the 14-Membered Diene Unit of Methyl Sarcophytoate
Yasuda, Minoru,Ide, Mitsuaki,Matsumoto, Yuka,Nakata, Masaya
, p. 1417 - 1429 (2007/10/03)
An asymmetric total synthesis of the 14-membered diene unit, (1S,2S,4E,6E,10S,11Z,14R)-10,14-epoxy-4-isopropenyl-1,7,11-trimethyl-4,6,11- cyclotetradecatnene-1,2-diol (3), of methyl sarcophytoate (1) has been achieved. Methyl ketone, (3S,4S)-3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-2-one (6), was enantioselectively prepared from geraniol via Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and a regioselective epoxide-opening reaction. The aldol coupling between the lithium enolate of 6 and aldehyde, (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-8-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxy)-2,6-octadienal (7), which was also prepared from geraniol, gave a 1 : 1 separable mixture of the adducts (17 and 18). Reduction of the carbonyl group in 17 and 18, followed by regioselective oxidation of the allylic hydroxy group, afforded α,β-unsaturated ketone, (2E, 6E,10R,11R,12S)-1-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxy)-10-hydroxy-11,12- (isopropylidenedioxy)-3,7,1,15-tetramethyl-2,6,14-hexadecatrien-8-one (5). The intramolecular oxy-Michael addition of 5 followed by regioselective enol inflation and deoxygenation gave dihydropyran, (2E,6S,7Z,10R,11R,12S)-1-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxy)-6,10-epoxy-11,12-(isopropyl- idenedioxy)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,7,14-hexadecatriene (31). The regioselective epoxidation of 31 and a subsequent functional-group transformation gave (2E,6S,7Z,10R,11R,12S,4RS)-6,10:14,15-diepoxy-11,12-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3, 7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)-2,7-hexadecadiene (4). The 14-membered ring formation was achieved by the treatment of 4 with the n-BuLi-Bu2Mg complex to give (1Z,3S,6E,8RS,9RS,11S,12R,13R)-3,13-epoxy-9-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-11,12- (isopropylidenedioxy)-2,6,12-trimethyl-8-(phenylthio)-1,6-cyclotetradecadiene (33), which was transformed to 3 through triene construction and deacetonidation.
Chemoselective removal of allylic formyloxy group using SmI2
Shibuya,Shiratsuchi
, p. 431 - 449 (2007/10/02)
A variety of allylic formates are chemoselectively transformed into th corresponding olefins in excellent yields on treatment with SmI2 in THF-HMPA-H2O (20:5:1), even though allylic acetate and allylic ether groups are present in the same molecule.
Chemical transformation of terpenoids. X. Ionophoretic activities of macrocyclic lactone epoxides synthesized from geraniol
Shibuya,Ohashi,Narita,Ishida,Kitagawa
, p. 293 - 299 (2007/10/02)
Two coronand-type 18-membered lactone epoxides, i.e., geranyl dimeric lactone diepoxide (GL2E2, 10) and tetraepoxide (GL2E4, 11), were synthesized from geraniol as diastereomeric mixtures. Among them, GL2E4 (11) was shown to exhibit ion-transport activity for Ca2+ ion in the test using a W-07 (liquid-membrane type) apparatus and ion-permeation activities for Ca2+ and K+ ions across the human erythrocyte membrane. Isolation of six component diastereomers of GL2E4 (11) [GL2E4-1 (11c), -2 (11d), - 3(11e), -4 (11f), -5 (11g), -6 (11h)], was effected by HPLC separation of two diastereomeric tetraepoxides (11a, 11b) which were prepared from two diepoxides (GL2E2-1, 10a and GL2E2-2, 10b). The relative stereostructures of these diastereomers were determined by a combination of X-ray diffraction and 1H-NMR analyses. Among the six diastereomers, S2-symmetrical GL2E4-4 (11f) exhibited the strongest ion-transport activity for Ca2+ ion while C2-symmetrical GL2E4-6 (11h) exhibited the strongest ion-permeation activity for Ca2+ ion across the human erythrocyte membrane.
