39724-34-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
One-pot alkoxylation of phenols with urea and 1,2-glycols
Lin, Hsing-Yo,Dai, Shenghong A.
experimental part, p. 167 - 173 (2011/04/19)
A one-pot epoxide-free alkoxylation process has been developed for phenolic compounds. The process involves heating phenols and urea in 1,2-glycols at 170-190 °C using Na2CO3/ZnO as co-catalysts under atmospheric conditions. During the course of this new alkoxylation reaction, a five-membered ring cyclic carbonate intermediate, ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PPC), was produced in-transit as the key intermediate and was subsequently consumed by phenols to form alkoxylated ether alcohols as final products in excellent yields. For instance, phenol, bisphenol A (BPA), hydroquinone and resorcinol were converted into their respective mono-alkoxylated ether alcohols on each of their phenolic groups in 80-95% isolated yields. In propoxylation of phenols, this approach shows great product selectivity favoring production of high secondary alcohols over primary alcohols in isomeric ratios of nearing 95/5. Since ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolving from the reaction can be re-combined in theory into urea for re-use, the overall net-alkoxylation by this approach can be regarded as a simple condensation reaction of phenols with 1,2-glycols giving off water as its by-product. This one-pot process is simple, safe and environmentally friendlier than the conventional alkoxylated processes based on ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO). Moreover, this process is particularly well-suited for making short chain-length alkoxyether alcohols of phenols.
Preparation of monoalkylated dihydroxybenzenes
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, (2008/06/13)
Preparation of monoethers of dihydroxybenzenes from an alkenylphenol and an alkylating agent and thereafter oxidizing in the presence of an acid catalyst.
2-Ethoxyethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-propanoate
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, (2008/06/13)
Preparation of monoethers of dihydroxybenzenes from an isopropenylphenol and an alkylating agent and thereafter oxidizing in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Process for the production of O-derivatives of p-isopropenyl phenol
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, (2008/06/13)
Process for the production of an O-derivative of p-isopropenyl phenol by splitting the corresponding O-derivative of dimeric, trimeric, oligomeric or polymeric p-isopropenyl phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
