40089-92-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Behavior of Some Single- and Double-Chained Pyridinium Amphiphiles
Sudhoelter, Ernst J. R.,Engberts, Jan B. F. N.,Jeu, Wim H. de
, p. 1908 - 1913 (1982)
The present study describes the thermotropic phase transitions in several structurally related amphiphiles containing pyridinium head groups.From the combined results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarization microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, the thermotropic liquid-crystalline phases in present 1-3 and 10 have been charactarized.For amphiphiles 1 and 10 a smectic-A phase was observed.The thermotropic liquid-crystalline state of 2 could be identified as a smectic-C phase.The tilt angle of the director was calculated to be ca. 58 deg.The X-ray diffraction pattern of the mesophase of 3 could be best rationalized terms of a smectic-H phase.The cell constants of the monoclinic lattice are a=8.63 Angstroem, b=4.79 Angstroem, c=51.8 Angstroem, and β=132.6 deg, with two molecules per unit cell.The results are discussed in relation to the calculated molecular dimensions obtained from space-filling molecular models.Probable arrangements of the organized amphiphiles in the particular smectic phase are proposed.
4-ALKYL SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES AS ODIFEROUS SUBSTANCES
-
, (2010/06/14)
The present invention primarily concerns certain 4-alkyl pyridines of the following formula (I), wherein R is C8-C12 alkyl, odiferous substance mixtures and aromatic substance mixtures containing these 4-alkyl pyridines, the respective uses thereof as an odiferous or aromatic substance (mixture) and corresponding perfumed products.
Regioselective synthesis of 4-alkylpyridines from pyridine and aldehydes via dipole reversal process of 1,4-dihydropyridine phosphonate
Lee, Phil Ho,Lee, Kooyeon,Shim, Jun Hwan,Lee, Seong Guk,Kim, Sundae
, p. 777 - 784 (2007/10/03)
4-Alkylation of pyridine has been accomplished by the reaction of ylides, derivated from 1,4-dihydropyridine phosphonate via phosphonioalkoxycarbonylation of pyridine with aldehydes and subsequent elimination of diisopropyl phosphate followed by aromatization with potassium tert-butoxide.
Sunfish amphiphiles: Conceptually new carriers for DNA delivery
Hulst, Ron,Muizebelt, Inouk,Oosting, Peter,Van Der Pol, Cornelia,Wagenaar, Anno,Smisterova, Jarmila,Bulten, Erna,Driessen, Cecile,Hoekstra, Dick,Engberts, Jan B. F. N.
, p. 835 - 849 (2007/10/03)
A conceptually new class of cationic amphiphiles, Sunfish amphiphiles, designed for the delivery of genes into cells is introduced. Sunfish amphiphiles have two hydrophobic tails, connected at the 4- and the N-position to the cationic pyridinium headgroup. Two extreme morphologies visualised by backfolding and combining of both tails at one site (matching situation) or unfolding of the tails at distinct interaction sites at biological membranes will lead to considerable differences in morphological behaviour. The underlying rationale allows controlled release by using this morphological alteration of the Sunfish/helper-lipid/DNA complex (lipoplex). The often-excellent transfection efficiencies are probably related to these morphological changes. In addition, the Sunfish amphiphiles possess low toxicities, resulting in high cell survival after internalisation. The underlying rationale, design, synthesis and in vitro transfection potential are discussed in detail. Moreover, some physico-chemical characteristics of the Sunfish amphiphiles have been studied. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004.
Spectroscopic Differences between Molecular (O-H...N) and Ionic Pair (O(1-)...H-N(1+)) Hydrogen Complexes
Barczynski, Piotr,Dega-Szafran, Zofia,Szafran, Miroslaw
, p. 765 - 772 (2007/10/02)
The centre of gravity () and chemical shifts (δH) of hydrogen-bonded protons in 55 complexes of pyridines with acetic acids have been measured in dichloromethane.If and δH are plotted against the aqueous pKa values for protonation of these bases general scatter diagrams are obtained which may be resolved into separate trends for different acids.We noted that this behaviour is controlled by the equilibrium between the molecular complex and the ion pair.Strong overlap of the carbonyl and carboxy stretching bands of the molecular complex and the hydrogen-bonded ion pair leads in most cases to a single band.Characteristic variations of the bandwidth were found.A plot of δH against can be resolved into a series of straight lines for molecular complexes, hydrogen-bonded ion pairs and their mixtures, respectively.A straight line for molecular complexes consists of data for the monomeric acids.The chemical shifts for N(1+)-H proton of the 'free' pyridine cation was estimated from the line of protonated pyridines and compared with the calculated value.
