40314-04-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Phthalimides via Diels-Alder Reaction Employing Two Dienophiles
Akhtar, Muhammad Saeed,Lee, Yong Rok
, p. 15129 - 15138 (2020)
An efficient and facile protocol for the synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important phthalimides is developed by l-proline-catalyzed reaction between two dienophiles of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and maleimides. The reaction involves an efficient benzannulation that proceeds via a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of azadiene intermediates generated in situ from enals and N-substituted maleimides. This protocol provides a variety of functionalized phthalimide derivatives, including a potent COX-2 enzyme inhibitor.
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C-N Coupling to Generate Protected Amines: An Alternative to the Curtius Rearrangement
Zhao, Wei,Wurz, Ryan P.,Peters, Jonas C.,Fu, Gregory C.
, p. 12153 - 12156 (2017/09/12)
The Curtius rearrangement is a classic, powerful method for converting carboxylic acids into protected amines, but its widespread use is impeded by safety issues (the need to handle azides). We have developed an alternative to the Curtius rearrangement that employs a copper catalyst in combination with blue-LED irradiation to achieve the decarboxylative coupling of aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (specifically, readily available N-hydroxyphthalimide esters) to afford protected amines under mild conditions. This C-N bond-forming process is compatible with a wide array of functional groups, including an alcohol, aldehyde, epoxide, indole, nitroalkane, and sulfide. Control reactions and mechanistic studies are consistent with the hypothesis that copper species are engaged in both the photochemistry and the key bond-forming step, which occurs through out-of-cage coupling of an alkyl radical.
