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Upstream product

• 3682-75-5 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-indazole 
• 540-38-5 p-Iodophenol 
• 271-44-3 benzimidazole 
• 5348-28-7 4-{[(2-nitrophenyl)methylene]amino}phenol 
• 123-30-8 4-amino-phenol 
• 552-89-6 2-nitro-benzaldehyde 
• 106-41-2 4-bromo-phenol 
• 2501-03-3 4-methoxy-N-(2-nitrobenzylidene)aniline 
• 104-94-9 4-methoxy-aniline 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis, antiprotozoal activity, and cheminformatic analysis of 2-phenyl-2h-indazole derivatives

Indazole is an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry. At present, the progress on synthetic methodologies has allowed the preparation of several new indazole derivatives with interesting pharmacological properties. Particularly, the antiprotozoal activity of indazole derivatives have been recently reported. Herein, a series of 22 indazole derivatives was synthesized and studied as antiprotozoals. The 2-phenyl-2H-indazole scaffold was accessed by a one-pot procedure, which includes a combination of ultrasound synthesis under neat conditions as well as Cadogan’s cyclization. Moreover, some compounds were derivatized to have an appropriate set to provide structure-activity relationships (SAR) information. Whereas the antiprotozoal activity of six of these compounds against E. histolytica, G. intestinalis, and T. vaginalis had been previously reported, the activity of the additional 16 compounds was evaluated against these same protozoa. The biological assays revealed structural features that favor the antiprotozoal activity against the three protozoans tested, e.g., electron withdrawing groups at the 2-phenyl ring. It is important to mention that the indazole derivatives possess strong antiprotozoal activity and are also characterized by a continuous SAR.

Access to 2-substituted-2: H -indazoles via a copper-catalyzed regioselective cross-coupling reaction

A CuCl catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reaction using commercially available 1H-indazoles with diaryliodonium salts is described. The methodology features ample structural versatility, affording 2-substituted-2H-indazole in good yields and complete N(2)-regiocontrol. Furthermore, the utility of the reaction was demonstrated in the synthesis of a known estrogen receptor β agonist. Mechanistic studies using density functional theory calculations suggested that the complete regioselectivity can be attributed to the only weak base TfO- in our system which could not deprotonate indazoles, and the catalyst oxidation process would be the rate-determining step.

A General One-Pot Synthesis of 2H-Indazoles Using an Organophosphorus–Silane System

A simple and direct approach for the regioselective construction of the privileged 2H-indazole scaffold is described. The developed one-pot strategy involves phospholene-mediated N?N bond formation to access 2H-indazoles. The amount of organophosphorus reagent was minimized by recycling the phospholene oxide with organosilane reductants. Starting from functionalized 2-nitrobenzaldehydes and primary amines, a mild reductive cyclization, involving the use of commercially available phospholene oxide and silanes, delivered a wide variety of substituted 2H-indazoles in good to excellent yields.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2H-indazole derivatives: Towards antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory dual agents

Indazole is considered a very important scaffold in medicinal chemistry. It is commonly found in compounds with diverse biological activities, e.g., antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. Considering that infectious diseases are associated to an inflammatory response, we designed a set of 2H-indazole derivatives by hybridization of cyclic systems commonly found in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds. The derivatives were synthesized and tested against selected intestinal and vaginal pathogens, including the protozoa Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichomonas vaginalis; the bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi; and the yeasts Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Biological evaluations revealed that synthesized compounds have antiprotozoal activity and, in most cases, are more potent than the reference drug metronidazole, e.g., compound 18 is 12.8 times more active than metronidazole against G. intestinalis. Furthermore, two 2, 3-diphenyl-2H-indazole derivatives (18 and 23) showed in vitro growth inhibition against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. In addition to their antimicrobial activity, the anti-inflammatory potential for selected compounds was evaluated in silico and in vitro against human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The results showed that compounds 18, 21, 23, and 26 display in vitro inhibitory activity against COX-2, whereas docking calculations suggest a similar binding mode as compared to rofecoxib, the crystallographic reference.

A Biphilic Phosphetane Catalyzes N-N Bond-Forming Cadogan Heterocyclization via PIII/PV = O Redox Cycling

A small-ring phosphacycle, 1,2,2,3,4,4-hexamethylphosphetane, is found to catalyze deoxygenative N-N bond-forming Cadogan heterocyclization of o-nitrobenzaldimines, o-nitroazobenzenes, and related substrates in the presence of hydrosilane terminal reductant. The reaction provides a chemoselective catalytic synthesis of 2H-indazoles, 2H-benzotriazoles, and related fused heterocyclic systems with good functional group compatibility. On the basis of both stoichiometric and catalytic mechanistic experiments, the reaction is proposed to proceed via catalytic PIII/PV = O cycling, where DFT modeling suggests a turnover-limiting (3+1) cheletropic addition between the phosphetane catalyst and nitroarene substrate. Strain/distortion analysis of the (3+1) transition structure highlights the controlling role of frontier orbital effects underpinning the catalytic performance of the phosphetane.

GLUCAGON RECEPTOR MODULATORS

The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R1, R2, R3, A1, A2, A3, A4, L, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined herein. The compounds of Formula I have been found to act as glucagon antagonists or inverse agonists. Consequently, the compounds of Formula I and the pharmaceutical compositions thereof are useful for the treatment of diseases, disorders, or conditions mediated by glucagon.

Pyrazoles for the treatment of obesity and other CNS disorders

This invention relates to compounds having pharmacological activity, to compositions containing these compounds, and to a method of treatment employing the compounds and compositions. More particularly, this invention concerns certain pyrazole derivatives, their salts and solvates. These compounds have H3 histamine receptor binding activity. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and to a method of treating disorders in which histamine H3 receptor modulation is beneficial.

Indazole estrogens: Highly selective ligands for the estrogen receptor β

The estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, are important pharmaceutical targets. To develop ERβ-selective ligands, we synthesized a series of nonsteroidal compounds having a phenyl-2H-indazole core with different groups at C-3. Several of these show high affinity and good ERβ selectivity, especially those with polar and/or polarizable substituents at this site (halogen, CF3, nitrile); the best compounds have affinities for ERβ comparable to estradiol, with ERβ affinity selectivity >100. This potency and ERβ selectivity is also seen in cell-based transcriptional assays, where several compounds showed ERβ efficacies equivalent to that of estradiol with ERβ potency selectivities of 100. These compounds might prove useful as selective pharmacological probes to study the biological actions of estrogens mediated through ERβ, and they might lead to the development of useful pharmaceuticals. These findings also contribute to an evolving pharmacophore that characterizes certain nonsteroidal ligands having high ERβ subtype affinity and potency selectivity.