41144-01-8

Upstream product

• 106-22-9 Citronellol 
• 98-59-9 p-toluenesulfonyl chloride 
• 7540-51-4 (S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol 
• 103057-51-8 hypochlorous acid 4-methylbenzene sulfonic anhydride 
• 1117-61-9 (3R)-citronellol 

Downstream Products

• 51113-56-5 citronellyl (4-methylphenyl) ether 
• 647024-97-3 2,6-Dimethyl-hexadec-2-ene 
• 146308-48-7 ((3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl)oxy)benzene 
• 78774-68-2 (6R/S,10R/S)-2,6,10-trimethyl-2-dodecene 
• 2436-90-0 dihydromyrcene 
• 40521-63-9 (3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyl)benzene 
• 10340-84-8 (S)-citronellyl bromide 
• 907585-34-6 (6S,10R)-2,6,10-trimethyldodec-2-ene 
• 1219956-43-0 (S)-(5,9-dimethyldec-8-en-1-ynyl)benzene 
• 144289-83-8 (S)-4-citronellyloxybenzoic acid 
• 1124-25-0 trans-8-p-menthene 
• 123300-94-7 1-Chloro-4-((E)-8-ethoxy-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyloxy)-benzene 
• 123300-88-9 ((E)-8-Ethoxy-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyloxy)-benzene 
• 139373-02-7 (E)-8-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-2,6-dimethyl-oct-2-enal 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

A Systematic Study of Unsaturation in Lipid Nanoparticles Leads to Improved mRNA Transfection In Vivo

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the leading concept for mRNA delivery. Unsaturated lipids play important roles in nature with potential for mRNA therapeutics, but are difficult to access through chemical synthesis. To systematically study the role of unsaturation, modular reactions were utilized to access a library of 91 amino lipids, enabled by the synthesis of unsaturated thiols. An ionizable lipid series (4A3) emerged from in vitro and in vivo screening, where the 4A3 core with a citronellol-based (Cit) periphery emerged as best. We studied the interaction between LNPs and a model endosomal membrane where 4A3-Cit demonstrated superior lipid fusion over saturated lipids, suggesting its unsaturated tail promotes endosomal escape. Furthermore, 4A3-Cit significantly improved mRNA delivery efficacy in vivo through Selective ORgan Targeting (SORT), resulting in 18-fold increased protein expression over parent LNPs. These findings provide insight into how lipid unsaturation promotes mRNA delivery and demonstrate how lipid mixing can enhance efficacy.

A facile and versatile electro-reductive system for hydrodefunctionalization under ambient conditions

A general electrochemical system for reductive hydrodefunctionalization is described, employing the inexpensive and easily available triethylamine (Et3N) as a sacrificial reductant. This protocol is characterized by facile operation, sustainable conditions, and exceptionally wide substrate scope covering the cleavage of C-halogen, N-S, N-C, O-S, O-C, C-C and C-N bonds. Notably, the selectivity and capability of reduction can be conveniently switched by simple incorporation or removal of an alcohol as a co-solvent.

Nickel-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular Aryl Thioether Metathesis by Reversible Arylation

A nickel-catalyzed aryl thioether metathesis has been developed to access high-value thioethers. 1,2-Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcype) is essential to promote this highly functional-group-tolerant reaction. Furthermore, synthetically challenging macrocycles could be obtained in good yield in an unusual example of ring-closing metathesis that does not involve alkene bonds. In-depth organometallic studies support a reversible Ni0/NiII pathway to product formation. Overall, this work not only provides a more sustainable alternative to previous catalytic systems based on Pd, but also presents new applications and mechanistic information that are highly relevant to the further development and application of unusual single-bond metathesis reactions.

1,2,3-Triazole tethered 1,2,4-trioxanes: Studies on their synthesis and effect on osteopontin expression in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells

Artemisinin and its analogs have shown potent anticancer activity in primary cancer cultures and cell lines by inhibiting cancer proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Despite its apparent compatibility to normal cells and low IC50 values

Manganese-Catalyzed Stereospecific Hydroxymethylation of Alkyl Tosylates

The development of a stereospecific hydroxymethylation of alkyl tosylates using an inexpensive, first-row catalyst is described. The transformation proceeds under mild conditions with low pressure to deliver homologated alcohols as products. Chiral, nonracemic β-branched primary alcohols are obtained with high enantiospecificity from easily accessed secondary alkyl substrates. Simple modification of the reaction system also permits access to α-d2 alcohols. These studies use anionic metal carbonyl catalysis to access a synthetic equivalent of the challenging hydroxymethyl anion from carbon monoxide.

Iron-Catalyzed Hydroamination and Hydroetherification of Unactivated Alkenes

The hydrofunctionalization of alkenes, explored for over 100 years, offers the potential for a direct, atom-economical approach to value-added products. While thermodynamically favored, the kinetic barrier to such processes necessitates the use of catalysts to control selectivity and reactivity. Modern variants typically rely on noble metals that require different ligands for each class of hydrofunctionalization, thereby limiting generality. This Letter describes a general iron-based system that catalyzes the hydroamination and hydroetherification of simple unactivated olefins.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of chemical tools for the study of Dolichol Linked Oligosaccharide Diphosphatase (DLODP)

Citronellyl- and solanesyl-based dolichol linked oligosaccharide (DLO) analogs were synthesized and tested along with undecaprenyl compounds for their ability to inhibit the release of [3H]OSP from [3H]DLO by mammalian liver DLO diphosphatase activity. Solanesyl (C45) and undecaprenyl (C55) compounds were 50–500 fold more potent than their citronellyl (C10)-based counterparts, indicating that the alkyl chain length is important for activity. The relative potency of the compounds within the citronellyl series was different to that of the solanesyl series with citronellyl diphosphate being 2 and 3 fold more potent than citronellyl-PP-GlcNAc2and citronellyl-PP-GlcNAc, respectively; whereas solanesyl-PP-GlcNAc and solanesyl-PP-GlcNAc2were 4 and 8 fold more potent, respectively, than solanesyl diphosphate. Undecaprenyl-PP-GlcNAc and bacterial Lipid II were 8 fold more potent than undecaprenyl diphosphate at inhibiting the DLODP assay. Therefore, at least for the more hydrophobic compounds, diphosphodiesters are more potent inhibitors of the DLODP assay than diphosphomonoesters. These results suggest that DLO rather than dolichyl diphosphate might be a preferred substrate for the DLODP activity.

Pheromone synthesis. Part 259: Synthesis of seven methyl-branched hydrocarbons as the pheromone candidates for female Korean apricot wasp, Eurytoma maslovskii

Seven new methyl-branched hydrocarbons were synthesized, which were the pheromone candidates of the female Korean apricot wasp (Eurytoma maslovskii). They are (Z)-15-methyl-7-nonacosene (1), (Z)-17-methyl-7-hentriacontene (2), 3,7-dimethylheptacosane (3), 8,12-dimethyltriacontane (4), 8,18-dimethyltriacontane (5), 3,7,11-trimethylnonacosane (6), and 3,7,17-trimethylnonacosane (7). All of them were synthesized as stereoisomeric mixtures, employing short and simple routes. Hydrocarbon 7 was synthesized via 4,8-dimethyldecanal (71, tribolure), the red flour beetle pheromone. The hydrocarbons 1,2,3 and 6 were identified by GC–MS analysis as the components (with unknown stereochemistry) of the female-specific secretion of E. maslovskii.

Structure-Odor Activity Studies on Monoterpenoid Mercaptans Synthesized by Changing the Structural Motifs of the Key Food Odorant 1-p-Menthene-8-thiol

1-p-Menthene-8-thiol (1) has been discovered as the key odorant in grapefruit juice several decades ago and contributes to the overall odor of the fruit with an extremely low odor threshold of 0.000034 ng/L in air. This value is among the lowest odor thresholds ever reported for a food odorant. To check whether modifications in the structure of 1 would lead to changes in odor threshold and odor quality, 34 mercapto-containing p-menthane and 1-p-menthene derivatives as well as several aromatic and open-chain mercapto monoterpenoids were synthesized. Eighteen of them are reported for the first time in the literature, and their odor thresholds and odor qualities as well as analytical data are supplied. A comparison of the sensory data with those of 1 showed that hydrogenation of the double bond led to a clear increase in the odor threshold. Furthermore, moving the mercapto group into the ring always resulted in higher odor thresholds compared to thiols with a mercapto group in the side chains. Although all tertiary thiols always exhibited low odor thresholds, none of the 31 compounds reached the extremely low threshold of 1. Also, none of the synthesized mercapto monoterpenoids showed a similar odor quality resembling grapefruit. Although the saturated and aromatic analogues exhibited similar scents as 1, the aromas of the majority of the other compounds were described as sulfury, rubber-like, burned, soapy, or even mushroom-like. NMR and MS data as well as retention indices of the 23 newly reported sulfur-containing compounds might aid in future research to identify terpene-derived mercaptans possibly present in trace levels in foods.