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BETA-RHODINOL is a chemical compound with a specific molecular structure that exhibits unique properties and characteristics. It is known for its potential applications in various industries due to its distinct chemical and physical properties.

7540-51-4

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7540-51-4 Usage

Uses

Used in Fragrance Industry:
BETA-RHODINOL is used as a fragrance ingredient for its ability to impart a pleasant and distinctive scent to various products. Its unique chemical composition contributes to the overall aroma profile of perfumes, cosmetics, and other fragranced products.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
BETA-RHODINOL is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for its potential therapeutic effects. Its specific molecular structure allows it to interact with biological targets, making it a promising candidate for the development of new drugs and treatments.
Used in Chemical Research:
BETA-RHODINOL is used as a research compound in the field of chemistry. Its unique properties make it an interesting subject for studying various chemical reactions and processes, contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this area.
Used in Analytical Chemistry:
BETA-RHODINOL is used as a reference material or standard in analytical chemistry. Its well-defined chemical and physical properties make it suitable for calibrating instruments and ensuring the accuracy of analytical measurements.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 7540-51-4 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,5,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7540-51:
(6*7)+(5*5)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*5)+(1*1)=94
94 % 10 = 4
So 7540-51-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C10H20O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,10-11H,4,6-8H2,1-3H3/t10-/m1/s1

7540-51-4 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
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  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (C1466)  (-)-β-Citronellol  >95.0%(GC)

  • 7540-51-4

  • 25mL

  • 590.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (C2254)  (-)-β-Citronellol  >98.0%(GC)

  • 7540-51-4

  • 5mL

  • 330.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (C2254)  (-)-β-Citronellol  >98.0%(GC)

  • 7540-51-4

  • 25mL

  • 980.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (H60174)  (-)-beta-Citronellol, 97%   

  • 7540-51-4

  • 1g

  • 211.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (H60174)  (-)-beta-Citronellol, 97%   

  • 7540-51-4

  • 5g

  • 797.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (27483)  (−)-β-Citronellol  analytical standard

  • 7540-51-4

  • 27483-1ML-F

  • 900.90CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (27483)  (−)-β-Citronellol  analytical standard

  • 7540-51-4

  • 27483-5ML-F

  • 2,593.89CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (303488)  (S)-(−)-β-Citronellol  99%

  • 7540-51-4

  • 303488-1G

  • 532.35CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (303488)  (S)-(−)-β-Citronellol  99%

  • 7540-51-4

  • 303488-5G

  • 1,826.37CNY

  • Detail

7540-51-4SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name (S)-(-)-citronellol

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names (3S)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Food additives -> Flavoring Agents
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:7540-51-4 SDS

7540-51-4Synthetic route

Geraniol
106-24-1

Geraniol

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With bis(norbornadiene)rhodium(l)tetrafluoroborate; (RC,SFc,SP)-1-[2-(1-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)ferrocen-1-yl]phenylphosphino-1'-dicyclohexylphosphinoferrocene; hydrogen In dichloromethane at 20℃; under 19001.3 Torr; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; enantioselective reaction;99%
With [RuCl(p-cymene)((R)-Tol-BINAP)]Cl; potassium hydroxide In isopropyl alcohol for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;70%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: in Ficus retusa Linn.
2: in Ficus retusa Linn. nach Injektion
View Scheme
3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
141-27-5

3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)ruthenium(II); (R)-(+)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,3'-bipyridine; niobium pentachloride; HSiPh3 In toluene at 40℃; for 3h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Glovebox; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; enantioselective reaction;98.59%
With (η4-cyclooctadiene)((R)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl)rhodium(I) tetrfluoroborate; hydrogen In methanol at 60℃; under 33753.4 Torr; for 5h; Autoclave; enantioselective reaction;88%
Carbonic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl ester

Carbonic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl ester

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With indium; water; ammonium chloride In methanol for 1h; Heating;98%
(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In diethyl ether96%
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In diethyl ether94%
With sodium tetrahydroborate In ethanol at 0℃;93%
Trichloro-acetic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester

Trichloro-acetic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With indium; water; ammonium chloride In methanol for 0.5h; Heating;95%
(R)-2-(3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

(R)-2-(3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium perborate; water In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 4h; enantioselective reaction;95%
2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid (3S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester
93041-00-0

2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid (3S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In methanol Ambient temperature;94%
(S)-8-(allyloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-8-(allyloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: (S)-8-(allyloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene With C12H37NiP4(1+)*C2F6NO4S2(1-) In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In tetrahydrofuran for 1.5h; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;
94%
(S)-3,7-Dimethyl-oct-6-enoic acid (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-(2,2-dimethyl-propoxy)-4,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester
89156-40-1

(S)-3,7-Dimethyl-oct-6-enoic acid (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-(2,2-dimethyl-propoxy)-4,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(1R,2S,3R,4S)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-ol
85695-96-1

(1R,2S,3R,4S)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydrideA 88%
B 81%
(S)-((3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyloxy)methyl)benzene
84237-05-8

(S)-((3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyloxy)methyl)benzene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia; lithium In tetrahydrofuran at -30℃; for 0.666667h;82%
(S)-8-(2,3-dimethyl-but-2-en-1-yloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-8-(2,3-dimethyl-but-2-en-1-yloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With (PhSO2)2; water In dichloromethane at 80℃;82%
(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(S)-(-)-citronellic acid
2111-53-7

(S)-(-)-citronellic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Fusarium concentricum In dimethyl sulfoxide at 28 - 30℃; for 120h; Reagent/catalyst; Microbiological reaction;A 76%
B 5%
With Fusarium fujikuroi In dimethyl sulfoxide at 28 - 30℃; for 120h; Microbiological reaction;A 36%
B 43%
With endosperms of Triticum aestivum L. cv Dariel wheat seeds In water at 27℃; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Darkness; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction;
Nerol
106-25-2

Nerol

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis[bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphine]; potassium hydroxide at 100℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction;70%
With hydrogen; BINAP-Ru(II) dicarboxylate In methanol at 18 - 20℃; Yield given;
With hydrogen; BINAP-(Ru(II) dicarboxylate In methanol at 18 - 20℃; Product distribution; examination of enantioselectivity; various complexes;
(S)-(-)-citronellic acid
2111-53-7

(S)-(-)-citronellic acid

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 25℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere;69%
(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(1S,3R,4S)-p-menthane-3,8-diol
19956-48-0

(1S,3R,4S)-p-menthane-3,8-diol

D

(−)-neo-isopulegol
122517-60-6

(−)-neo-isopulegol

E

(+)-isopulegol

(+)-isopulegol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Penicillium paxilli In dimethyl sulfoxide at 28 - 30℃; for 120h; Microbiological reaction;A 10%
B 50%
C 20%
D 5%
E 2%
(S)-citronellyl propionate

(S)-citronellyl propionate

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium chloride; water In acetone48%
3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enal
106-23-0, 26489-02-1

3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enal

A

(R)-Citronellal
2385-77-5

(R)-Citronellal

B

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With baker's yeastA 21%
B 33%
(S)-(-)-3,7-dimethyl-6-ocyten-1-yl diphenylmethylsilyl ether

(S)-(-)-3,7-dimethyl-6-ocyten-1-yl diphenylmethylsilyl ether

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium (4-methylphenyl)trifluoroborate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 37℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;18%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

EtOMgCl

EtOMgCl

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

(E/Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
5392-40-5

(E/Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
in Ficus retusa Linn. nach Injektion;
Nerol
106-25-2

Nerol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; <(+)-CyBINAP>-RhN In benzene under 15200 Torr; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
With hydrogen; ClO4 In benzene under 7600 Torr; for 8h; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With hydrogen; Ru2Cl4-((S)-2,2'-bis[di(p-tolyl)phosphino]-1,1'-binaphthyl)2NEt3 In methanol at 19.9℃; under 1807.6 Torr; Product distribution; different pressure and temperature;
With 1,2-bis(2,5-diisopropylphospholano)benzene; potassium hydroxide at 100℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction;
Geraniol
106-24-1

Geraniol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

C

(R)-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol
1117-60-8

(R)-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; {RuI((R)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphospino)-1,1'-binaphthyl)(p-cymene)}I In methanol; water at 20℃; under 76000 Torr; for 8h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
Geraniol
106-24-1

Geraniol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With <<(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-3,3'-bibenzothiophene>Ru(p-cumene)I>I; hydrogen In methanol at 25℃; under 7355.08 Torr; for 88h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With ((S)-(6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine))Ru(O2CCF3)2; hydrogen In methanol at 20 - 25℃; under 45003.6 Torr; for 1h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With hydrogen; <(+)-BINAP>RhN In benzene under 22800 Torr; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
(R)-1-[(R)-3-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-en-1-one

(R)-1-[(R)-3-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-en-1-one

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium triethylborohydride In tetrahydrofuran Ambient temperature; Yield given;
With lithium triethylborohydride In tetrahydrofuran Ambient temperature; Yields of byproduct given;
N,N-diethyl-N-{1-[(3S),7-dimethylocta-1,6-dienyl]}amine
67392-54-5

N,N-diethyl-N-{1-[(3S),7-dimethylocta-1,6-dienyl]}amine

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxonium; hydrogen
(S)-(+)-dihydromyrcene
2436-90-0

(S)-(+)-dihydromyrcene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; sodium tetrahydroborate; 2-methyl-but-2-ene; boron trifluoride; dihydrogen peroxide 1.) THF, room temp., 3 h.; 2.) 50 deg C, 1.5 h; Multistep reaction;
γ-geraniol
13066-51-8

γ-geraniol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Ru2Cl4-((S)-2,2'-bis[di(p-tolyl)phosphino]-1,1'-binaphthyl)2NEt3; hydrogen In methanol at 19.9℃; under 3750.3 Torr; Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With hydrogen; Ru2Cl4-((S)-2,2'-bis[di(p-tolyl)phosphino]-1,1'-binaphthyl)2NEt3 In methanol at 19.9℃; under 1807.6 Torr; Product distribution; other pressure and temperature;
With 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis[bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphine]; potassium hydroxide at 100℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction;
(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate
67601-05-2

(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: (3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate With sodium hydroxide In ethanol at 90℃; for 3h; Alkaline hydrolysis;
Stage #2: With Pichia kluyveri IFO 1165 at 30℃; for 48h;
vinyl acetate
108-05-4

vinyl acetate

Citronellol
106-22-9

Citronellol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

C

(R)-1-citronellyl acetate
20425-54-1

(R)-1-citronellyl acetate

D

(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate
67601-05-2

(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With porcine pancreatic lipase In hexane for 24h; Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With porcine pancreatic lipase In hexane for 48h; Title compound not separated from byproducts;
Geraniol
106-24-1

Geraniol

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With bis(norbornadiene)rhodium(l)tetrafluoroborate; (RC,SFc,SP)-1-[2-(1-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)ferrocen-1-yl]phenylphosphino-1'-dicyclohexylphosphinoferrocene; hydrogen In dichloromethane at 20℃; under 19001.3 Torr; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; enantioselective reaction;99%
With [RuCl(p-cymene)((R)-Tol-BINAP)]Cl; potassium hydroxide In isopropyl alcohol for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;70%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: in Ficus retusa Linn.
2: in Ficus retusa Linn. nach Injektion
View Scheme
3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
141-27-5

3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)ruthenium(II); (R)-(+)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,3'-bipyridine; niobium pentachloride; HSiPh3 In toluene at 40℃; for 3h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Glovebox; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; enantioselective reaction;98.59%
With (η4-cyclooctadiene)((R)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl)rhodium(I) tetrfluoroborate; hydrogen In methanol at 60℃; under 33753.4 Torr; for 5h; Autoclave; enantioselective reaction;88%
Carbonic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl ester

Carbonic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl ester

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With indium; water; ammonium chloride In methanol for 1h; Heating;98%
(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In diethyl ether96%
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In diethyl ether94%
With sodium tetrahydroborate In ethanol at 0℃;93%
Trichloro-acetic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester

Trichloro-acetic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With indium; water; ammonium chloride In methanol for 0.5h; Heating;95%
(R)-2-(3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

(R)-2-(3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium perborate; water In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 4h; enantioselective reaction;95%
2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid (3S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester
93041-00-0

2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid (3S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In methanol Ambient temperature;94%
(S)-8-(allyloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-8-(allyloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: (S)-8-(allyloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene With C12H37NiP4(1+)*C2F6NO4S2(1-) In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In tetrahydrofuran for 1.5h; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;
94%
(S)-3,7-Dimethyl-oct-6-enoic acid (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-(2,2-dimethyl-propoxy)-4,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester
89156-40-1

(S)-3,7-Dimethyl-oct-6-enoic acid (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-(2,2-dimethyl-propoxy)-4,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(1R,2S,3R,4S)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-ol
85695-96-1

(1R,2S,3R,4S)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydrideA 88%
B 81%
(S)-((3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyloxy)methyl)benzene
84237-05-8

(S)-((3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyloxy)methyl)benzene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia; lithium In tetrahydrofuran at -30℃; for 0.666667h;82%
(S)-8-(2,3-dimethyl-but-2-en-1-yloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-8-(2,3-dimethyl-but-2-en-1-yloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With (PhSO2)2; water In dichloromethane at 80℃;82%
(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(S)-(-)-citronellic acid
2111-53-7

(S)-(-)-citronellic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Fusarium concentricum In dimethyl sulfoxide at 28 - 30℃; for 120h; Reagent/catalyst; Microbiological reaction;A 76%
B 5%
With Fusarium fujikuroi In dimethyl sulfoxide at 28 - 30℃; for 120h; Microbiological reaction;A 36%
B 43%
With endosperms of Triticum aestivum L. cv Dariel wheat seeds In water at 27℃; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Darkness; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction;
Nerol
106-25-2

Nerol

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis[bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphine]; potassium hydroxide at 100℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction;70%
With hydrogen; BINAP-Ru(II) dicarboxylate In methanol at 18 - 20℃; Yield given;
With hydrogen; BINAP-(Ru(II) dicarboxylate In methanol at 18 - 20℃; Product distribution; examination of enantioselectivity; various complexes;
(S)-(-)-citronellic acid
2111-53-7

(S)-(-)-citronellic acid

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 25℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere;69%
(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(1S,3R,4S)-p-menthane-3,8-diol
19956-48-0

(1S,3R,4S)-p-menthane-3,8-diol

D

(−)-neo-isopulegol
122517-60-6

(−)-neo-isopulegol

E

(+)-isopulegol
104870-56-6

(+)-isopulegol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Penicillium paxilli In dimethyl sulfoxide at 28 - 30℃; for 120h; Microbiological reaction;A 10%
B 50%
C 20%
D 5%
E 2%
(S)-citronellyl propionate

(S)-citronellyl propionate

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium chloride; water In acetone48%
3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enal
106-23-0, 26489-02-1

3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enal

A

(R)-Citronellal
2385-77-5

(R)-Citronellal

B

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With baker's yeastA 21%
B 33%
(S)-(-)-3,7-dimethyl-6-ocyten-1-yl diphenylmethylsilyl ether

(S)-(-)-3,7-dimethyl-6-ocyten-1-yl diphenylmethylsilyl ether

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium (4-methylphenyl)trifluoroborate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 37℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;18%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

(S)-Citronellal
5949-05-3

(S)-Citronellal

EtOMgCl

EtOMgCl

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

(E/Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
5392-40-5

(E/Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
in Ficus retusa Linn. nach Injektion;
Nerol
106-25-2

Nerol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; <(+)-CyBINAP>-RhN In benzene under 15200 Torr; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
With hydrogen; ClO4 In benzene under 7600 Torr; for 8h; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With hydrogen; Ru2Cl4-((S)-2,2'-bis[di(p-tolyl)phosphino]-1,1'-binaphthyl)2NEt3 In methanol at 19.9℃; under 1807.6 Torr; Product distribution; different pressure and temperature;
With 1,2-bis(2,5-diisopropylphospholano)benzene; potassium hydroxide at 100℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction;
Geraniol
106-24-1

Geraniol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

C

(R)-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol
1117-60-8

(R)-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; {RuI((R)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphospino)-1,1'-binaphthyl)(p-cymene)}I In methanol; water at 20℃; under 76000 Torr; for 8h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
Geraniol
106-24-1

Geraniol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With <<(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-3,3'-bibenzothiophene>Ru(p-cumene)I>I; hydrogen In methanol at 25℃; under 7355.08 Torr; for 88h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With ((S)-(6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine))Ru(O2CCF3)2; hydrogen In methanol at 20 - 25℃; under 45003.6 Torr; for 1h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With hydrogen; <(+)-BINAP>RhN In benzene under 22800 Torr; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
(R)-1-[(R)-3-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-en-1-one

(R)-1-[(R)-3-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-en-1-one

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium triethylborohydride In tetrahydrofuran Ambient temperature; Yield given;
With lithium triethylborohydride In tetrahydrofuran Ambient temperature; Yields of byproduct given;
N,N-diethyl-N-{1-[(3S),7-dimethylocta-1,6-dienyl]}amine
67392-54-5

N,N-diethyl-N-{1-[(3S),7-dimethylocta-1,6-dienyl]}amine

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxonium; hydrogen
(S)-(+)-dihydromyrcene
2436-90-0

(S)-(+)-dihydromyrcene

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; sodium tetrahydroborate; 2-methyl-but-2-ene; boron trifluoride; dihydrogen peroxide 1.) THF, room temp., 3 h.; 2.) 50 deg C, 1.5 h; Multistep reaction;
γ-geraniol
13066-51-8

γ-geraniol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Ru2Cl4-((S)-2,2'-bis[di(p-tolyl)phosphino]-1,1'-binaphthyl)2NEt3; hydrogen In methanol at 19.9℃; under 3750.3 Torr; Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With hydrogen; Ru2Cl4-((S)-2,2'-bis[di(p-tolyl)phosphino]-1,1'-binaphthyl)2NEt3 In methanol at 19.9℃; under 1807.6 Torr; Product distribution; other pressure and temperature;
With 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis[bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphine]; potassium hydroxide at 100℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction;
(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate
67601-05-2

(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: (3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate With sodium hydroxide In ethanol at 90℃; for 3h; Alkaline hydrolysis;
Stage #2: With Pichia kluyveri IFO 1165 at 30℃; for 48h;
vinyl acetate
108-05-4

vinyl acetate

Citronellol
106-22-9

Citronellol

A

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

B

(3R)-citronellol
1117-61-9

(3R)-citronellol

C

(R)-1-citronellyl acetate
20425-54-1

(R)-1-citronellyl acetate

D

(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate
67601-05-2

(3S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl acetate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With porcine pancreatic lipase In hexane for 24h; Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With porcine pancreatic lipase In hexane for 48h; Title compound not separated from byproducts;
(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

S-(-)-dihydrocitronellol
68680-98-8

S-(-)-dihydrocitronellol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen100%
With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen In methanol; ethyl acetate at 25℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere;98%
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere;96%
(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
7540-51-4

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol

p-toluenesulfonyl chloride
98-59-9

p-toluenesulfonyl chloride

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl tosylate
41144-01-8, 67214-54-4, 93303-23-2, 116661-43-9

(S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl tosylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine at 0℃; for 12h; Tosylation;100%
With pyridine at 0℃; for 72h;100%
With pyridine100%

7540-51-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Nickel Hydride Catalyzed Cleavage of Allyl Ethers Induced by Isomerization

Kathe, Prasad M.,Berkefeld, Andreas,Fleischer, Ivana

supporting information, p. 1629 - 1632 (2021/02/09)

This report discloses the deallylation of O - and N -allyl functional groups by using a combination of a Ni-H precatalyst and excess Bronsted acid. Key steps are the isomerization of the O - or N -allyl group through Ni-catalyzed double-bond migration followed by Bronsted acid induced O/N-C bond hydrolysis. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in this protocol, highlighting its synthetic value.

Total Syntheses of C60- And C100-Dolichols

Hirao, Kohtaro,Ono, Risako,Manabe, Yoshiyuki,Masui, Seiji,Atomi, Haruyuki,Fukase, Koichi

, p. 11549 - 11559 (2020/10/12)

C60- and C100-dolichols were synthesized. A Z-selective Wittig reaction was achieved with high selectivity in a microflow system to realize the scalable supply of the Z-isoprene unit. An isoprene chain was efficiently elongated by an SN2-type coupling between allyl sulfone and allyl chloride using t-BuOK. These key reactions enabled the efficient syntheses of dolichols. This study will pave the way for the functional studies of dolichols.

Asymmetric synthesis of γ-chiral borylalkanes: Via sequential reduction/hydroboration using a single copper catalyst

Han, Jung Tae,Lee, Jin Yong,Yun, Jaesook

, p. 8961 - 8965 (2020/11/23)

The synthesis of γ-chiral borylalkanes through copper-catalyzed enantioselective SN2′-reduction of γ,γ-disubstituted allylic substrates and subsequent hydroboration was reported. A copper-DTBM-Segphos catalyst produced a range of γ-chiral alkylboronates from easily accessible allylic acetate or benzoate with high enantioselectivities up to 99% ee. Furthermore, selective organic transformations of the resulting γ-chiral alkylboronates generated the corresponding γ-chiral alcohol, arene and amine compounds.

Exploration of the Fluoride Reactivity of Aryltrifluoroborate on Selective Cleavage of Diphenylmethylsilyl Groups

Fujiki, Katsumasa,Tanaka, Katsunori

supporting information, p. 4616 - 4620 (2020/07/06)

The first known report on the fluoride catalytic reactivity of potassium aryltrifluoroborate is described. The fluoride reactivity of phenyltrifluoroborate was controlled by substituents on the trifluoroborate-attached benzene, such as the methoxy group a

Method for synthesizing levorotatory citronellol by asymmetric hydrosilation of citral

-

Paragraph 0010; 0049-0065, (2020/04/17)

The invention provides a method for synthesizing levorotatory citronellol from citral through asymmetric hydrosilation. The method comprises following steps: under the catalytic action of a chiral ruthenium complex, monohydrosilane is used as a hydrosilylation reagent, a Lewis acid is used as an auxiliary agent, and citral is subjected to asymmetric hydrosilylation to obtain levorotatory citronellol. According to the method, the ruthenium complex which is relatively low in price is used as the catalyst, meanwhile, the use amount of the ruthenium complex is effectively reduced, the maximum molar ratio of the chiral ruthenium complex to citral can reach 1: 30000, and the cost of the catalyst is remarkably reduced.

Enantioselective Synthesis and Activity of All Diastereoisomers of (E)-Phytal, a Pheromone Component of the Moroccan Locust, Dociostaurus maroccanus

Guerrero, Angel,Ramos, Victoria Elena,López, Sergio,Alvarez, José María,Domínguez, Aroa,Coca-Abia, María Milagro,Bosch, María Pilar,Quero, Carmen

, p. 72 - 80 (2019/01/15)

The Moroccan locust, Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a polyphagous pest capable of inflicting large losses in agriculture under favorable environmental and climatic conditions. Currently, control of the pest relies solely on the application of conventional insecticides that have negative effects on the environment and human safety. In the search for a more rational, environmentally acceptable approach for locust control, we have previously reported that (Z/E)-phytal (1) is a male-produced candidate sex pheromone of this acridid. This molecule, with two stereogenic centers at C-7 and C-11, has four different diastereomers along with the Z/E stereochemistry of the double bond at C-2. In this paper, we present for the first time the enantioselective synthesis of the four diastereomers of (E)-phytal and their electrophysiological and behavioral activity on males and females. Our results demonstrate that the (R,R)-phytal is the most active diastereomer in both assays, significantly attracting females in a double-choice Y olfactometer, and confirming the previous chromatographic assignment as component of the sex pheromone of the Moroccan locust.

Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of (3,4-Diphenylcyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Compounds in Transfer Hydrogenations and Dehydrogenations

Funk, Timothy W.,Mahoney, Andrew R.,Sponenburg, Rebecca A.,Zimmerman, Kathryn P.,Kim, Daniel K.,Harrison, Emily E.

supporting information, p. 1133 - 1140 (2018/04/17)

Four (3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl compounds were synthesized, and their activities in transfer hydrogenations of carbonyl compounds and transfer dehydrogenations of alcohols were explored and compared to those of the well-established [2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(CH2)4(η4-C4C=O)]Fe(CO)3 (3). A new compound, [2,5-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone]iron tricarbonyl (7), was the most active catalyst in both transfer hydrogenations and dehydrogenations, and compound 3 was the least active catalyst in transfer hydrogenations. Evidence was found for product inhibition of both 3 and 7 in a transfer dehydrogenation reaction, with the activity of 3 being more heavily affected. A monomeric iron hydride derived from 7 was spectroscopically observed during a transfer hydrogenation, and no diiron bridging hydrides were found under reductive or oxidative conditions. Initial results in the transfer hydrogenation of N-benzylideneaniline showed that 3 was a significantly less active catalyst in comparison to the (3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl compounds.

Pheromone synthesis. Part 258. Synthesis of the enantiomers of the beetle pheromones ethyl 4-methylheptanoate, 4-methyloctanoic acid and 4-methyl-1-nonanol, and HPLC analysis of their derivatives to determine their enantiomeric purities

Mori, Kenji,Akasaka, Kazuaki

, p. 182 - 187 (2018/10/16)

The enantiomers of citronellal have been converted into the enantiomers of the following beetle pheromones: ethyl 4-methylheptanoate (produced by male Nicrophorus vespilloides), 4-methyloctanoic acid (produced by male Oryctes elegans), and 4-methyl-1-nonanol (produced by female Tenebrio molitor). The enantiomeric purities of the synthetic pheromones were determined by HPLC analysis of the corresponding acids after derivatization with Ohrui's reagent [(S)-1-(anthracene-2,3-dicarboximido)-2-propanol]. The enantiomers of 4-methyl-1-nonanol could also be analyzed employing another Ohrui's reagent [(1S,2S)-2-(naphthalene-2,3-dicarboximido)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid].

Method for preparing chiral citronellol through asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of citral

-

Paragraph 0137-0138, (2017/01/26)

The invention relates to a method for preparing single chiral citronellol through asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of E-type and/or Z-type citral in the technical field of chemical engineering. The method comprises the step of performing asymmetric hydrogenation on the E-type and/or Z-type citral to form single chiral citronellol under certain hydrogen pressure and at a certain temperature under the catalysis of a chiral rhodium complex. The reaction condition is mild, the method is convenient to operate, the reaction efficiency is higher, the product yield and the enantioselectivity can reach 99%, and the method has bright industrial application prospect.

Organoselenium and DMAP co-catalysis: Regioselective synthesis of medium-sized halolactones and bromooxepanes from unactivated alkenes

Verma, Ajay,Jana, Sadhan,Prasad, Ch. Durga,Yadav, Abhimanyu,Kumar, Sangit

supporting information, p. 4179 - 4182 (2016/03/19)

A catalytic system consisting of bis(4-methoxyphenyl)selenide and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) has been developed for the regioselective synthesis of medium-sized bromo/iodo lactones and bromooxepanes possessing high transannular strain. 77Se NMR, mass spectrometry and theoretical studies reveal that the reaction proceeds via a quaternary selenium intermediate.

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