42151-23-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Analysis of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Gaskell,Pike,Griffiths
, p. 219 - 228 (1980)
Testosterone and 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone) have been identified in human parotid fluid and saliva by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring analyses of the t-butyldimethylsilyl ether and methyl oxime, t-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivatives. High specificity of analysis has been achieved by the use of high mass spectrometric resolution or by the monitoring of metastable peaks. Quantitative analyses indicate concentrations of both unconjugated testosterone and unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone in the range 200-800 pmol/l in the saliva and parotid fluid of the normal males examined. These represent 1.5-7.5% of the concentrations of the steroids in blood plasma taken from the same subjects.
Chemical synthesis of 7-oxygenated 12α-hydroxy steroid derivatives to enable the biochemical characterization of cytochrome P450 8B1, the oxysterol 12α-hydroxylase enzyme implicated in cardiovascular health and obesity
Offei, Samuel D.,Arman, Hadi D.,Baig, Mirza Oais,Chavez, Lazaro S.,Paladini, Carlos A.,Yoshimoto, Francis K.
, p. 185 - 195 (2018)
Cholic acid is the endogenous 12α-hydroxylated bile acid, which possesses enhanced cholesterol absorption properties compared to its 12-desoxy counterpart, chenodeoxycholic acid. The oxysterol 12α-hydroxylase enzyme is cytochrome P450 8B1 (P450 8B1), which regioselectively and stereoselectively incorporates the 12α-hydroxy group in 7α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, the biosynthetic precursor of cholic acid. Despite the vital role of P450 8B1 activity in cardiovascular health, research studies of other 12α-hydroxy steroid derivatives are rare. A synthetic route to incorporate a C12α-hydroxy group into the C12-methylene (–CH2–) in dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives is disclosed. The incorporation of the C12-oxygen was accomplished through a copper mediated Sch?necker oxidation of an imino-pyridine intermediate, introducing the 12β-hydroxy group. The resulting 12β-hydroxy steroid derivative was oxidized to the C12-ketone, which was stereoselectively reduced with lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride to afford the 12α-hydroxy stereochemistry. The C7-position was oxidized to yield the various 7-keto, 7β-hydroxy, and 7α-hydroxy derivatives. Furthermore, 7-ketodehydroepiandrosterone and 12 α-hydroxy-7-ketodehydroepiandrosterone both displayed NMDA receptor antagonistic activities at 10 μM concentrations. These C12α-hydroxy steroids will be used as tools to identify new biochemical properties of the enzymatic products of P450 8B1, the oxysterol 12α-hydroxylase.
Novel steroidal vinyl fluorides as inhibitors of steroid C17(20) lyase
Burkhart, Joseph P,Weintraub, Philip M,Gates, Cynthia A,Resvick, Robert J,Vaz, Roy J,Friedrich, Dirk,Angelastro, Michael R,Bey, Philippe,Peet, Norton P
, p. 929 - 934 (2002)
20-Fluoro-17(20)-pregnenolone derivatives were designed as enol mimics of pregnenolone. All of the targeted, novel fluoroolefins were potent inhibitors of C17(20) lyase. Copyright
Photooxygenation of pregnanes
Ponce, Maria A.,Erra-Balsells, Rosa,Bruttomesso, Andrea C.,Gros, Eduarde G.
, p. 2987 - 3003 (2004)
The course of the singlet-oxygen reaction with pregn-17(20)-enes and pregn-5,17(20)-dienes was studied to compare the reactivity of the two alkene moieties present in some steroid families. Thus, from commercially available (3β,5α)-hydroxy-androstan-17-one and (3β)-3-hydroxyandroxst-5- en-17-one, the following 3-{[(tertbutyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy}-substituted, 17(20)-unsaturated pregnanes were prepared (see Fig. 1): (3β,5α)-21- norpregn-17(20)-ene 1; (3β,5α,17Z)-pregn-17(20)-ene 2, (3β,5α,16α,17E)-pregn-17(20)-en-16-ol 3, (16β,5α, 17E-pregn-17(20)-en-16-ol 4, (3β,5α,16β,17E)-pregn-17(20)-en-16- ol acetate 5, (3β,16α)-21-norpregna-5,17(20)-dien-16-ol 6, (3β,16α,17E)-pregna-5,17(20)-dien-16-ol 7, (3β,17Z)-pregna-5, 17(20)-diene 8, (3β,17E)-pregna-5,17(20)-dien-21-ol 9 and (3β,17E)-5,17(20)-dien-21-ol acetate 10. The oxygenated products (see Fig. 2) obtained from 1-10 and 1O2, generated by irradiation of Rose Bengal in 3O2-saturated pyridine solution, were characterized by 1H-, 13C-NMR, and MS (EI, FAB, HR-EI, ESI- and UV-MALDI-TOF) data. Major products were those formed by the ene reaction involving as intermediates the corresponding hydroperoxides and the cyclic tautomers of the allylic hydroperoxides, i.e., the corresponding oxiranium oxide-like intermediate (Scheme 5).
Inhibition of steroid C(17(20)) lyase with C-17-heteroaryl steroids
Burkhart, Joseph P.,Gates, Cynthia A.,Laughlin, Marie E.,Resvick, Robert J.,Peet, Norton P.
, p. 1411 - 1420 (1996)
Steroids bearing a heteroaromatic substituent at C-17 were designed as inhibitors of C(17(20)) lyase. The thiazoles, furans, and thiophenes appended to the steroid nucleus were positioned on the α-face and the β-face of the steroid, and conjugated with a 16,17-olefin, to test their ability to coordinate the heme iron of the P450 enzyme complex. The position of the heterocycle with respect to the steroid skeleton was determined to be important for optimum affinity and, in general, compounds with the heterocycle attached to a trigonal center at C-17, had the best affinity for C(17(20)) lyase. Simple molecular models were used to compare the three types of heterocyclic-substituted steroids.
Highly Efficient Nucleophilic Addition of Alkyl Grignard Reagents to 17-Ketosteroids in the Presence of Cerium(III)Chloride: Synthesis of 17α-Propyl-17β-Hydroxy-4-Androsten-3-one, An Androgen Receptor Antagonist
Li, Xun,Singh, Shankar M.,Labrie, Fernand
, p. 1157 - 1160 (1994)
The addition of alkyl Grignard reagents to sterically hindered 17-ketosteroids was significantly enhanced by anhydrous cerium(III) chloride with notable suppression of abnormal reactions, while the addition products were obtained in good to excellent yields and high stereoselectivity.
Structure-activity relationship and mechanistic study on guggulsterone derivatives; Discovery of new anti-pancreatic cancer candidate
Kohyama, Aki,Kim, Min Jo,Yokoyama, Rei,Sun, Sijia,Omar, Ashraf M.,Phan, Nguyen Duy,Meselhy, Meselhy R.,Tsuge, Kiyoshi,Awale, Suresh,Matsuya, Yuji
supporting information, (2021/12/24)
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of malignancies. A new intervention aiming to combat pancreatic cancer is targeting its extra-ordinary ability to tolerate nutrition starvation, a phenomenon known as “Austerity”. As a part of a research program aiming to develop a new-generation of anticancer agents, known as “anti-austerity agents”, guggulsterone derivatives (GSDs) were identified as unique anti-austerity agents in terms of potency and selectivity. These agents are able to exert preferential cytotoxic activity only under nutrient-deprived conditions with little or no toxicity under normal conditions. In the present study, a library of 14 GSDs was synthesized and screened against PANC-1 human pancreatic cells. Among tested compounds, GSD-11 showed the most potent activity with PC50 a value of 0.72 μM. It also inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration and colony formation in a concentration-dependent manner. A mechanistic study revealed that this compound can inhibit the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, GSD-11 could be a promising lead compound for the anticancer drug discovery against pancreatic cancer.
Design, Synthesis, and Study of the Insecticidal Activity of Novel Steroidal 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles
Bai, Hangyu,Jiang, Weiqi,Li, Qi,Li, Tian,Ma, Shichuang,Shi, Baojun,Wu, Wenjun
, p. 11572 - 11581 (2021/10/12)
A series of novel steroidal derivatives with a substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole structure was designed and synthesized, and the target compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against five aphid species. Most of the tested compounds exhibited potent insecticidal activity against Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Myzus persicae, and Aphis citricola. Compounds 20g and 24g displayed the highest activity against E. lanigerum, showing LC50 values of 27.6 and 30.4 μg/mL, respectively. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut cells of E. lanigerum were detected by transmission electron microscopy, indicating that these steroidal oxazole derivatives might exert their insecticidal activity by destroying the mitochondria and nuclear membranes in insect midgut cells. Furthermore, a field trial showed that compound 20g exhibited effects similar to those of the positive controls chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam against E. lanigerum, reaching a control rate of 89.5% at a dose of 200 μg/mL after 21 days. We also investigated the hydrolysis and metabolism of the target compounds in E. lanigerum by assaying the activities of three insecticide-detoxifying enzymes. Compound 20g at 50 μg/mL exhibited inhibitory action on carboxylesterase similar to the known inhibitor triphenyl phosphate. The above results demonstrate the potential of these steroidal oxazole derivatives to be developed as novel pesticides.
Chemo- and Enantioselective Oxidative α-Azidation of Carbonyl Compounds
Hattori, Yuhei,Ishihara, Kazuaki,Sahara, Naoto,Tsukahara, Mayuko,Uyanik, Muhammet
supporting information, p. 17110 - 17117 (2020/08/10)
We report high-performance I+/H2O2 catalysis for the oxidative or decarboxylative oxidative α-azidation of carbonyl compounds by using sodium azide under biphasic neutral phase-transfer conditions. To induce higher reactivity especially for the α-azidation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, we designed a structurally compact isoindoline-derived quaternary ammonium iodide catalyst bearing electron-withdrawing groups. The nonproductive decomposition pathways of I+/H2O2 catalysis could be suppressed by the use of a catalytic amount of a radical-trapping agent. This oxidative coupling tolerates a variety of functional groups and could be readily applied to the late-stage α-azidation of structurally diverse complex molecules. Moreover, we achieved the enantioselective α-azidation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds as the first successful example of enantioselective intermolecular oxidative coupling with a chiral hypoiodite catalyst.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogs of didehydroepiandrosterone as potential new anticancer agents
Hansen, Trond Vidar,Liekens, Sandra,Solu, Eirik J.
supporting information, (2020/07/30)
The synthesis, cytotoxicity and inhibition of CDK8 by thirteen analogs of cortistatin A are reported. These efforts revealed that the analogs with either a 6- or 7-isoquinoline or 5-indole side chain in the 17-position are the most promising anti-proliferative agents. These compounds showed potent cytotoxic effects in CEM, HeLa and HMEC-1 cells. All three compounds exhibited IC50 values 10μM. The most interesting 10l analog exhibited an IC50 value of 0.59 μM towards the human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1), significantly lower than the reference standard 2-methoxyestradiol. At a concentration at 50 nM the most potent 10h compound reduced the activity of CDK8 to 35percent.
