43113-93-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
The phase change storage element and its manufacturing method
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, (2007/10/10)
Disclosed are a phase change RAM device and a method for fabricating a phase change RAM device, which can efficiently lower intensity of current required for changing a phase of a phase change layer. The method includes the steps of providing a semiconductor substrate formed with an insulating interlayer including a tungsten plug, forming a first oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate, forming a pad-type bottom electrode, which makes contact with the tungsten plug, in the first oxide layer, forming a second oxide layer on the first oxide layer including the bottom electrode, and forming a porous polystyrene pattern on the second oxide layer such that a predetermined portion of the second oxide layer corresponding to a center portion of the bottom electrode is covered with the porous polystyrene pattern.
RULES FOR RING CLOSURE: APPLICATION TO INTRAMOLECULAR ALDOL CONDENSATIONS IN POLYKETONIC SUBSTRATES
Baldwin, Jack E.,Lusch, Michael J.
, p. 2939 - 2947 (2007/10/02)
An extension of the nomenclature for classifying ring closures to include intramolecular reactions of enolate anions is described, and the rules governing such cyclizations are enumerated.The syntheses of the polyketonic substrates 4-acetyl-2,6-heptanedione (11), 4-acetyl-4-methyl-2,7-octanedione (24), and 3-acetyl-3-methyl-1,6-diphenyl-1,6-heptanedione (33) were carried out, and their base-induced intramolecular aldol condensations studied.With each substrate a favored 6-(enolendo)-exo-trig cyclization to produce cyclohexenone products was the only ring forming reaction observed, this process predominating in all instances over competing disfavored 5-(enolendo)exo-trig closures, and also over other competing favored cyclizations.The identity of the cyclization product 12 derived from 11 was confirmed by aromatizing 12 to 17, and alternately synthesizing 17 from 3-bromo-5-methylphenol.
