4361-60-8Relevant articles and documents
Structure–Activity Relationships of WOx-Promoted TiO2–ZrO2 Solid Acid Catalyst for Acetalization and Ketalization of Glycerol towards Biofuel Additives
Baithy, Mallesham,Mukherjee, Deboshree,Rangaswamy, Agolu,Reddy, Benjaram M.
, (2021/07/25)
Abstract: WOx-promoted TiO2–ZrO2 solid acid catalyst was prepared and applied in the catalytic acetalization and ketalization of glycerol with carbonyl compounds to produce biofuel additives. The presence of WOx promoter and TiO2 remarkably improved the catalytic activity of ZrO2. Approximately, 100% glycerol conversion was evidenced with non-bulky aliphatic aldehydes and ketones like, propanol and cyclohexanone. The physical characterization of WOx-promoted TiO2–ZrO2, revealed a higher formation of tetragonal crystalline phase of ZrO2, over monoclinic. The total surface acidity and the ratio of Br?nsted to Lewis acidic site concentrations were determined by NH3-TPD and pyridine-chemisorbed FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. A considerably higher concentration of Lewis acidic sites, ~ 213.29?μmol/gm, was evidenced on the WOx-promoted TiO2–ZrO2 catalyst surface. Catalytic activity study revealed a direct correlation between the surface Lewis acidic site concentration and the activity of catalyst. This significant observation indicated the key role of Lewis acidic sites in this catalytic process. The WOx-promoted TiO2–ZrO2 catalyst was also considerably stable and showed good performance in the acetalization/ketalization of glycerol with other substituted carbonyl compounds. Graphic Abstract: The WOx-promoted TiO2–ZrO2 solid acid catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance for acetalization and ketalization of glycerol with carbonyl compounds to produce biofuel additives. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Acetalization of glycerol with ketones and aldehydes catalyzed by high silica Hβ zeolite
Poly, Sharmin Sultana,Jamil, Md.A.R.,Touchy, Abeda S.,Yasumura, Shunsaku,Siddiki, S.M.A. Hakim,Toyao, Takashi,Maeno, Zen,Shimizu, Ken-ichi
, (2019/09/20)
In this work, proton-exchanged *BEA zeolite with a high Si/Al ratio of 75 (Hβ-75), was demonstrated as an effective catalyst for the acetalization of glycerol with carbonyl compounds. This catalyst system was applicable to various substrates and reusable for at least 4 times with slight decrease in activity. The turnover frequency, based on acid site concentration, increased as a function of Hβ Si/Al ratio, indicating the importance of the zeolite hydrophobic surface properties. The origin of the high efficiency exhibited by Hβ-75 is quantitatively discussed based on kinetic studies, hydrophobicity, and acid site concentration.
Graphene-promoted acetalisation of glycerol under acid-free conditions
Oger, Nicolas,Lin, Yuting F.,Le Grognec, Erwan,Rataboul, Franck,Felpin, Fran?ois-Xavier
, p. 1531 - 1537 (2016/04/04)
Serendipity led us to unveil unexpected and uncovered properties of graphene for the acetalisation of glycerol with both aldehydes and ketones, furnishing an acid-free process for fuel bio-additive candidates. Mechanistic studies ruled out the intervention of residual acidic species or metallic cations at the surface of graphene, and therefore, the peculiar electronic properties of graphene are most probably responsible for this unforeseen reactivity. Recycling studies revealed the robustness of graphene under the experimental conditions since only a marginal erosion of the reaction yield was observed after six cycles.