4388-57-2Relevant articles and documents
Acid Catalyzed Competitive Esterification and Ketalization of Levulinic Acid with 1,2 and 1,3-Diols: The Effect of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysts
Amarasekara, Ananda S.,Animashaun, Moriam A.
, p. 1819 - 1824 (2016)
Abstract: Condensation reactions of levulinic acid (LA) with 1,2-ethanediol (1,2-ED), 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) were studied using Amberlyst-15 as well as p-toluenesulfonic acid catalysts in benzene under Dean–Stark conditions. In Amberlyst-15 catalyzed reactions the products are ketals and ketal-esters, whereas p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed reactions produce esters and ketal-esters as products. In p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed reactions with 1,2-ED and 1,3-PD, LA monoester product is formed as the major product after 180?min in 75 and 97?% yields respectively. Unlike the previously reported acid catalyzed ketalization of ethyl levulinate with diols, combined ketalization–esterification of LA with diols is a complex process. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
SUBSTITUTED FUSED[1,2]IMIDAZO[4,5-C] RING COMPOUNDS AND METHODS
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Page/Page column 104, (2008/06/13)
[1,2]Imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds (e.g., imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines) substituted with a fused ring containing an oxygen and/or nitrogen atom attached at the 1- and/or 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.
Total synthesis of Cacalol
Garofalo, Albert W.,Litvak, Joane,Wang, Lisa,Dubenko, Larisa G.,Cooper, Raymond,Bierer, Donald E.
, p. 3369 - 3372 (2007/10/03)
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