45773-92-0

Upstream product

• 71-50-1 acetate 
• 95-95-4 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 

Downstream Products

• 5393-75-9 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl acetate 
• 60154-37-2 3,4-dinitrophenoxide ion 
• 14609-74-6 p-nitrophenolate 
• 20350-26-9 2,4-dinitrophenolate 
• 33104-36-8 2,4,5-trichlorophenylformiate 
• 69173-73-5 4-Chloro-2-nitro-phenol anion 
• 16554-54-4 3-nitrophenolate anion 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

PULSE RADIOLYSIS OF 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL: FORMATION, KINETICS, AND PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYTRICHLOROCYCLOHEXADIENYL, TRICHLOROPHENOXYL, AND DIHYDROXYTRICHLOROCYCLOHEXADIENYL RADICALS

Pulse radiolysis has been used to optically and kinetically characterize the transient free radicals formed by the reaction of H., N3., or OH. with 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP-OH).The hydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorocyclohexadienyl radical (H-TCP-OH) formed by H. addition to TCP-OH -1s-1> has an absorption maximum at 360 nm with ε360=(4700+/-1000) M-1cm-1.The 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyl radical (TCP-O.) formed by the reaction of N3. with TCP-O- -1s-1> has an absorption maximum at 430 nm with ε430=(3600+/-600) M-1cm-1.The dihydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorocyclohexadienyl radical (HO-TCP-OH) formed by OH. radical addition to TCP-OH -1s-1A has an absorption maximum at 320 nm with ε320=(5300+/-250) M-1cm-1.The principal isomer formed by the reaction of OH. with TCP-OH is the 1,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorocyclohexadienyl radical, which has a pKa of 4.8+/-1.0.The solution absorption from each radical decays via second-order kinetics on the millisecond time scale.

Thermodynamics of Proton Transfer in Phenol-Acetate Hydrogen Bonds with Large Proton Polarizability and the Conversion of Light Energy into Chemical Energy in Bacteriorhodopsin

Phenol-acetate solutions in CCl4 are studied by IR spectroscopy as a function of the pKa of the phenols.The (I) Ar-OH...-OC Ar-O-...HOC (II) hydrogen bonds formed show large proton polarizability as indicated by continua in the IR spectra.The percent proton transfer (PT) increases from the p-cresol-acetate to the pentachlorophenol-acetate system from 0percent to 56percent.The Gibbs free energy, ΔG0PT, values of the PT equilibria at 295 K are determined as well as the standard enthalpy values, ΔH0PT, and the standard entropy values, ΔS0PT.These data are given in Table II.The shape of the intensity of the continuum as a function of the ΔH0PT value changes.In the classical approximation the average difference between the two minima of the proton double-minimum potential is given by ΔH0PT.With the decreasing amount of ΔH0PT, i.e., decreasing degree of asymmetry, the intensity of the continua decreases at higher and increases at lower wavenumbers.This result is in good agreement with the predictions from calculated line spectra.In the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin a tyrosine-aspartate hydrogen bond is probably of importance for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.On the basis of the obtained data it is shown that 9.5 kJ/mol can be converted into chemical energy due to a proton transfer induced by a local electrical field in a Tyr-Asp hydrogen bond.Furthermore, if the Ar-O-...HOC structure is broken afterwards by a conformational change, at least 25 kJ/mol of conformational energy is converted.Thus, altogether 34.5 kJ/mol of Gibbs free energy may be converted into chemical energy and stored by these processes.