464898-19-9

Upstream product

• 93543-57-8 3-piperidin-1-yl-propylamine hydrochloride 
• 82625-46-5 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzaldehyde 
• 123-08-0 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde 
• 1458-63-5 N-(3-chloropropyl)-piperidine 
• 623-05-2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)methanol 
• 110-89-4 piperidine 
• 104-58-5 3-piperidinopropan-1-ol 
• 69076-29-5 4-(3-chloropropoxy)benzoic acid methyl ester 
• 99-76-3 methyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate 
• 5472-49-1 1-(3-chloropropyl)piperidine hydrochloride 

Downstream Products

• 914303-42-7 (4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)methanol hydrochloride 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Histamine H3 receptor antagonists with peptidomimetic (keto)piperazine structures to inhibit Aβ oligomerisation

Alzheime?s disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disorder with high medical need. Protein-protein-interactions (PPI) interactions have a critical role in AD where β-amyloid structures (Aβ) build toxic oligomers. Design of disease modifying multi target directed ligand (MTDL) has been performed, which disable PPI on the one hand and on the other hand, act as procognitive antagonists at the histamine H3 receptor (H3R). The synthetized compounds are structurally based on peptidomimetic amino acid-like structures mainly as keto, diketo-, or acyl variations of a piperazine moiety connected to an H3R pharmacophore. Most of them showed low nanomolar affinities at H3R and some with promising affinity to Aβ-monomers. The structure–activity relationships (SAR) described offer new possibilities for MTDL with an optimized profile combining symptomatic and potential causal therapeutic approaches in AD.

Studies on molecular properties prediction and histamine H3 receptor affinities of novel ligands with uracil-based motifs

The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) plays a role in cognitive and memory processes and is involved in different neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. Therefore, several hH3R antagonists/inverse agonists entered clinical phases for a broad spectrum of mainly centrally occurring diseases. However, many other promising candidates failed due to their pharmacokinetic profile, mostly because of their strong lipophilicity accompanied with low solubility. Analysis of previous potential H3R selective antagonists/inverse agonists, e.g. pitolisant, revealed promising results concerning physicochemical properties and drug-likeness. Herein, a series of new hH3R ligands 8-20 consisting of piperidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl-propoxyphenyl coupled to different uracil, thymine, and 5,6-dimethyluracil related moieties, were synthesized, evaluated on their binding properties at the hH3R and the estimation of different physicochemical and drug-likeness properties. Due to the coupling to various positions at pyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione, affinity at hH3Rs and drug-likeness parameters have been improved. For instance, compound 9 showed in addition to high affinity at the hH3R (pKi (hH3R) Combining double low line 8.14) clog S, clog P, LE, LipE, and drug-likeness score values of -'4.36, 3.47, 0.34, 4.63, and 1.54, respectively. Also, the methyl substituted analog 17 (pKi (hH3R) Combining double low line 8.15) revealed LE, LipE and drug-likeness score values of -'3.29, 2.47, 0.49, 5.52, and 1.76, respectively.

Benzylpiperidine variations on histamine H3 receptor ligands for improved drug-likeness

Several hH3R antagonists/inverse agonists entered clinical phases for a broad spectrum of mainly centrally occurring diseases. Nevertheless, many promising candidates failed due to their pharmacokinetic profile, mostly because of their strong lipophilicity and their dibasic character. Analysis of previously, as potential PET ligands synthesized compounds (ST-889, ST-928) revealed promising results concerning physicochemical properties and drug-likeness. Herein, the synthesis, the evaluation of the binding properties at the hH3R and the estimation of different physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of further novel benzylpiperidine variations on H3R antagonists is described. Due to the introduction of various small hydrophilic moieties in the structure, drug-likeness parameters have been improved. For instance, compound 12 (ST-1032) showed in addition to high affinity at the H3R (pKi (hH3R) = 9.3) c log S, c log P, LE, LipE, and LELP values of -2.48, 2.18, 0.44, 7.14, and 4.95, respectively. Also, the keto derivative 5 (ST-1703, pKi (hH 3R) = 8.6) revealed LipE and LELP values of 5.25 and 6.84, respectively.

Novel and highly potent histamine H3 receptor ligands. Part 3: An alcohol function to improve the pharmacokinetic profile

Synthesis and biological evaluation of potent histamine H3 receptor antagonists incorporating a hydroxyl function are described. Compounds in this series exhibited nanomolar binding affinities for human receptor, illustrating a new possible component for the H3 pharmacophore. As demonstrated with compound BP1.4160 (cyclohexanol 19), the introduction of an alcohol function counter-intuitively allowed to reach high in vivo efficiency and favorable pharmacokinetic profile with reduced half-life.

First metal-containing histamine H3 receptor ligands

Iron-containing ligands targeting the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) were prepared. The compounds contain ferrocene sandwich complexes coupled via different linkers to a basic hH3R antagonist/inverse agonist pharmacophore. In a click chemistry approach, a triazole was successfully inserted as a new linking element. Two ferrocenylmethylamines and a ferrocenyltriazole were the most affine hH 3R ligands within this series, showing receptor binding in the nano- and subnanomolar concentration range.

Kojic acid derivatives as histamine H3 receptor ligands

The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is a promising target in the development of new compounds for the treatment of mainly centrally occurring diseases. However, emerging novel therapeutic concepts have been introduced and some indications in the H3R field, e.g. migraine, pain or allergic rhinitis, might take advantage of peripherally acting ligands. In this work, kojic acid-derived structural elements were inserted into a well established H3R antagonist/inverse agonist scaffold to investigate the bioisosteric potential of γ-pyranones with respect to the different moieties of the H3R pharmacophore. The most affine compounds showed receptor binding in the low nanomolar concentration range. Evaluation and comparison of kojic acid-containing ligands and their corresponding phenyl analogues (3-7) revealed that the newly integrated scaffold greatly influences chemical properties (S Log P, topological polar surface area (tPSA)) and hence, potentially modifies the pharmacokinetic profile of the different derivatives. Benzyl-1-(4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)methanamine ligands 3 and 4 belong to the centrally acting diamine-based class of H3R antagonist/inverse agonist, whereas kojic acid analogues 6 and 7 might act peripherally. The latter compounds state promising lead structures in the development of H3R ligands with a modified profile of action.