474645-27-7

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
MonoMethyl auristatin E is used as a cytotoxic agent for the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). These ADCs are designed to deliver MMAE specifically to cancer cells, reducing toxicity to healthy cells and increasing the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment.
Used in Cancer Treatment:
MMAE is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the development of ADCs that target various types of cancer, including lymphomas, leukemia, and solid tumors. Its potent cytotoxicity, up to 200 times that of vinblastine, makes it a valuable component in the fight against cancer.
Used in Drug Delivery Systems:
MMAE is used as a payload in the development of novel drug delivery systems, such as organic and metallic nanoparticles, to improve the delivery, bioavailability, and therapeutic outcomes of cancer treatments. These systems aim to enhance the efficacy of MMAE against cancer cells while minimizing side effects.

Biological Activity

monomethyl auristatin e(mmae) is a potent antimitotic agent by blocking the polymerisation of tubulin.microtubules play essential role in the function of the cell. microtubules are also reported to be involved in migration, transport and reorganization and have numerous dynamic roles including movement through motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin and the separation and segregation ofchromosomes during cell division.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE) is a highly potent peptidyl antimitotic agent that blocks the polymerization of tubulin. Monomethyl Auristatin E is a component of a clinically approved antibodydirected conjugates Brentuximab vedotin, Glembatumumab vedotin, Enfortumab vedotin and Polatuzumab vedotin.

in vitro

the cytotoxic effects of the mmae conjugates on h3396 cells were determined using both pulsed and long-term drug exposure assays. it was found that under both exposure conditions, high degrees of immunological specificity were obtained with the val-cit conjugates. cbr96-val-cit-mmae was highly active at <1/100th of the concentration required for antigen saturation [1].

in vivo

in vivo therapy tests were undertaken in athymic mice with subcutaneous l2987 human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. mmae conjugates were administered at 3 mg mab component/kg/dose. all of the tested mmae conjugates were highly efficacious, leading to long-term regressions of established tumors, whereas the nonbinding control conjugates had no effect on tumor growth. in addition, there were no apparent toxicities associated with conjugate treatment [1].

IC 50

less than 1 nm for various cancer cell lines

references

[1] doronina so,toki be,torgov my,mendelsohn ba,cerveny cg,chace df,deblanc rl,gearing rp,bovee td,siegall cb,francisco ja,wahl af,meyer dl,senter pd. development of potent monoclonal antibody auristatin conjugates for cancer therapy. nat biotechnol.2003 jul;21(7):778-84. [2] jian xu*, priya agarwal, ola saad, et al. clinical pharmacokinetics (pk) of anti-muc16 antibody-drug conjugates (adcs), dmuc5754a, in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: results from phase i study. this poster was presented at world adc summit 2014.

Upstream product

• 133645-49-5 (3R,4S,5S )-ethyl 4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-heptanoate 
• 133565-39-6 (4S,5S)-ethyl 4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-methyl-3-oxo-heptanoate 
• 180715-99-5 (4R,5S,2'R,3'R,2S)-3-[3'-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3'-methoxy-2'-methylpropanoyl]-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone 
• 13139-16-7 N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-isoleucine 
• 133565-38-5 (2R,3R)-3-[(2S)-1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 
• 133645-51-9 (4R,5S,2'R,3'R,2S)-3-[3'-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-hydroxy-2'-methylpropanoyl]-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone 
• 132202-88-1 (3R,4S,5S)-4-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid 
• 133645-50-8 (3R,4S,5S)-4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid 
• 120205-48-3 tert-Butyl (3R,4S,5S)-3-methoxy-4-(N-methylamino)-5-methylheptanoate hydrochloride 
• 160800-65-7 tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-{[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino}-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 
• 37577-28-9 (1S,2R)-(+)-norphedrine 
• 1375415-93-2 tert-butyl (3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2S)-2-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-N,3-dimethylbutanamido]-3-methoxy-5-methylheptanoate 
• 68858-20-8 Fmoc-Val-OH 
• 1369427-40-6 (2R,3R)-3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-methoxy-2-methylpropionic acid dicyclohexylamine salt 

Downstream Products

• 646502-53-6 4-((R)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)hexanamido)-3-methylbutanamido)-5-ureidopentanamido)benzyl ((2S)-1-(((2S)-1-(((4S,5S)-1-((S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(((1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)(methyl)carbamate 
• 646502-53-6 C₆₈H₁₀₅N₁₁O₁₅ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

EFFICIENT PREPARATION OF DOLASTATIN AND AURISTATIN ANALOGS THROUGH A COMMON INTERMEDIATE

Methods for making a dolastatin, auristatin or related compounds comprising the steps of providing a universal dolastatin core of Formula (I) reacting the C-terminal carboxylic acid group with an amine (A) to form an amide bond and reacting the N-terminal amine with a carboxylic acid (CA) to form an amide bond, wherein the steps can be performed in either order. Also provided are an isolated salt of the universal dolastatin core for use in preparation of dolastatins, auristatins and related compounds. Also provided are a number of intermediates and process steps which are useful for the preparation of high purity dolastatin core and high purity dolastatin and auristatin compounds.

A click-ready pH-triggered phosphoramidate-based linker for controlled release of monomethyl auristatin E

In this work, we developed a novel “click”-ready pH-cleavable phosphoramidate linker for controlled-release of monomethyl auristantin E (MMAE) in antibody- and small molecule-drug conjugates application. This water-soluble linker was found to have tremendous stability at physiological pHs while rapidly releasing its payload at acidic pH. The linker can also be tailored to release payloads of diverse functional groups, broadening its applications.

An antibody-coupled drug targeting on EGFR, a preparation method thereof, and uses thereof

The invention discloses an antibody coupling drug targeting on EGFR, a preparation method thereof and uses thereof. The antibody-conjugated drug targeting EGFR is named LR004-VC-MMAE consisting of anantibody, a cytotoxic drug and a linker, wherein the antibody drug conjugate has a structure represented by the formula I, wherein mAb is an LR004 monoclonal antibody, n=2-8. The novel antibody-conjugated drug LR004-VC-MMAE can not only target EGFR antigen, but also has strong cytotoxicity to tumor cells. Compared with LR004 itself, it did not affect the affinity, endocytosis and targeting of theantibody, and better retained its biological function. Compared to LR004, the antitumor effect of LR004-VC-MMAE antibody-conjugated drug is significantly improved, and the tumor disappeared. Comparedto LR004, LR004-VC-MMAE antibody-conjugated total antibody showed longer half-life, slower clearance rate, lower concentration of free MMAE in plasma, shorter half-life and faster clearance rate, which is conducive to reduce toxicity.

NOVEL BINDER-DRUG CONJUGATES (ADCs) AND USE OF SAME

The present patent application relates to novel binder-drug conjugates (ADCs) of N,N-dialkylauristatins directed against the target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, gene ID 1956), effective metabolites of these ADCs, methods for producing these ADCs, use of these ADCs for treatment and or prevention of diseases as well as the use of these ADCs to produce pharmaceutical drugs for treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular hyperproliferative and/or angiogenic diseases such as cancer, for example. Such treatments may be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other pharmaceutical drugs or other therapeutic measures.

NEW ANTIBODY DRUG CONJUGATES (ADCS) AND THE USE THEREOF

The present application relates to new antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) of N,N dialkylauristatins directed against the target FGFR2, drug metabolites of said ADCs, a method for producing said ADCs, the use of said ADCs for the treatment and/or prevention of illnesses as well as the use of said ADCs for producing pharmaceuticals for the treatment and/or prevention of illnesses, particularly of hyperproliferative and/or angiogenic diseases such as carcinosis. Such treatments can be carried out as monotherapy or in combination with other pharmaceuticals or additional therapeutic measures.

Synthesis and biological evaluations of a monomethylauristatin E glucuronide prodrug for selective cancer chemotherapy

We developed a glucuronide prodrug of the potent monomethylauristatin E (MMAE). This prodrug is signi ficantly less toxic than the parent drug. However, in the presence of b-glucuronidase the prodrug leads to the efficient release of MMAE thereby triggering a subnanomolar cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines. Preliminary in vivo experiments conducted in C57BL/6 mice bearing a subcutaneous murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) demonstrated the potential of this targeting system for the selective treatment of solid tumors.