49755-52-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A chemical model for redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity
Sivaramakrishnan, Santhosh,Keerthi, Kripa,Gates, Kent S.
, p. 10830 - 10831 (2007/10/03)
Growing evidence indicates that endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide acts as a cellular signaling molecule that (among other things) can regulate the activity of some protein phosphatases. Recent X-ray crystallographic studies revealed an unexpected chemical transformation underlying the redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, in which oxidative inactivation of the enzyme yields an intrastrand protein cross-link between the catalytic cysteine residue and its neighboring amide nitrogen. This work describes a small organic molecule that serves as an effective model for the redox-sensing assembly of functional groups at the active site of PTP1B. Findings obtained using this model system suggest that the oxidative transformation of PTP1B to its "crosslinked" inactive form can proceed directly via oxidation of the active-site cysteine to a sulfenic acid (RSOH). The remarkably facile nature of this protein cross-link-forming reaction, along with the widespread cellular occurrence of protein sulfenic acids generated via oxidation of cysteine residues, suggests that the type of oxidative protein cross-link formation first seen in the context of PTP1B represents a potentially general mechanism for redox "switching" of protein function. Thus, the chemistry characterized here could have broad relevance to both redox-regulated signal transduction and the toxic effects of oxidative stress. Copyright
Chemistry of Sulfenic Acids. 7. Reason for the High Reactivity of Sulfenic Acids. Stabilization by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Electronegativity Effects
Davis, Franklin A.,Jenkins, Linda A.,Billmers, Robert L.
, p. 1033 - 1040 (2007/10/02)
It is proposed that the reason sulfenic acids (RSOH) are so reactive and usually not isolated or even detected is that they form thiosulfinates (RS(O)SR) so readily.This is a consequence of the sulfenic acid hydrogen-bonded dimer, 1, which lowers the energy of activation for thiosulfinate formation.The stability of the few sulfenic acids that have been isolated can be explained in terms of steric, electronic, and intramolecular hydrogen-bonding effects which prevent dimer formation.The importance of these effects on the stability of simple unstable sulfenic acids was demonstrated by flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) and the thiosulfinate/vinyl sulfoxide ratio.A novel, high yield, rearrangement of sulfenic acid 19f to 1,3-benzothiazine 26 was observed.
