109-89-7Relevant articles and documents
Bimetallic Ru/Ni supported catalysts for the gas phase hydrogenation of acetonitrile
Braos-García,García-Sancho,Infantes-Molina,Rodríguez-Castellón,Jiménez-López
, p. 132 - 144 (2010)
A family of bimetallic Ni-Ru catalysts supported on a mesoporous SBA-15 silica was prepared by conventional impregnation method, with constant metal molar loadings, but varying Ni/(Ni + Ru) atomic ratios. The corresponding Ni and Ru monometallic catalysts were also prepared for comparison. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption at -196 °C, TEM, XPS, H2-TPR, chemisorption of H2 at r.t., H2-TPD and NH3-TPD techniques. Finally, they were also tested in the hydrogenation of acetonitrile reaction, in the gas phase and at atmospheric pressure. Acetonitrile conversion values depended on the Ni/(Ni + Ru) composition of the bimetallic catalysts. Ru-rich bimetallic catalysts exhibited acetonitrile conversion values higher than that of pure Ni one; thus, although selectivity patterns remained almost unchanged, primary amine yields were increased. These higher conversion values resulted as a consequence of enhanced specific activity of Ni0 atoms, attributable to a strong interaction between both metals, Ni and Ru, likely because NiRu alloy nanoparticles were formed.
Electron spin resonance of spin-trapped radicals of amines and polyamines. Hydroxyl radical reactions in aqueous solutions and γ-radiolysis in the solid state
Mossoba, Magdi M.,Rosenthal, Ionel,Riesz, Peter
, p. 1493 - 1500 (1982)
The reactions of hydroxyl radicals with methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, sec-butylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, 1,7-diaminoheptane, ornithine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine, and arcaine in aqueous solutions have been investigated by spin-trapping and esr.Hydroxyl radicals were generated by the uv photolysis of H2O2 and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP) was used as the spin-trap.The effects of ionizing radiation on the same polyamines in the polycrystalline state were also investigated.The free radicals produced by γ-radiolysis of these solids at room temperature in the absence of air were identified by dissolution in aqueous solutions of MNP.The predominant reaction of .OH with amines and polyamines below pH 7 was the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from the carbon that is not adjacent to the protonated amino group.For agmatine and arcaine which contain guanidinium groups abstraction occured from from the α-CH.Dimethylamine was oxidized to the dimethylnitroxyl radical by H2O2 in the dark. γ-Radiolysis of polyamines in the polycrystalline state generated radicals due to H-abstraction from either the α-CH or from a carbon atom in the middle of the alkyl chain.The deamination radical was obtained from ornithine.
Transformations of dialkyl(4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)-(3-phenylallyl)ammonium bromides in an KOH aqueous solution or in the presence of powdered KOH
Chukhadjian,Gabrielyan,Chukhadjian,Shahkhatuni,Panosyan
, p. 418 - 424 (2011)
Under the action of a twofold excess of KOH and heating in aqueous solution, and also under the conditions of the Stevens rearrangement (with KOH powder and a small amount of methanol) dialkyl-(4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)(3- phenylallyl)ammonium bromides form dialkyl[4-(1-phenylallyl)-2,5-dihydro-2- furyl]amines. Rearrangement-cleavage reaction also occurs under the same conditions.
Photooxidation pathway of sulforhodamine-B. Dependence on the adsorption mode on TiO2 exposed to visible light radiation
Liu,Li,Zhao,Hidaka,Serpone
, p. 3982 - 3990 (2000)
The temporal course of the photooxidation of sulforhodamine-B (SRB) in aqueous media illuminated by visible wavelengths in the presence of TiO2 has been examined to determine the nature of the intermediate species produced and to explore the operative reaction pathway(s). Two pathways are described to account for the differences in the final photooxidation products whose nature depends on the different modes of adsorption of the dye on the metal-oxide mediator. In the SRB/TiO2 system, when SRB is adsorbed on the positively charged TiO2 particle surface through a sulfonate group cleavage of the SRB chromophore structure predominates and N-de-ethylation occurs only to a slight extent with the major photooxidation products being diethylamine and carbon dioxide. In the presence of the anionic dodecylbenzenesulfonate surfactant DBS, when SRB is near the negatively charged DBS/TiO2 interface through the positive diethylamine group N-de-ethylation occurs preferentially before destruction of the structure with the major products being acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. The temporal course of the photooxidation of sulforhodamine-B (SRB) in aqueous media illuminated by visible wavelengths in the presence of TiO2 has been examined to determine the nature of the intermediate species produced and to explore the operative reaction pathway(s). Two pathways are described to account for the differences in the final photooxidation products whose nature depends on the different modes of adsorption of the dye on the metaloxide mediator. In the SRB/TiO2 system, when SRB is adsorbed on the positively charged TiO2 particle surface through a sulfonate group cleavage of the SRB chromophore structure predominates and N-de-ethylation occurs only to a slight extent with the major photooxidation products being diethylamine and carbon dioxide. In the presence of the anionic dodecylbenzenesulfonate surfactant DBS, when SRB is near the negatively charged DBS/TiO2 interface through the positive diethylamine group N-de-ethylation occurs preferentially before destruction of the structure with the major products being acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
Zeolite catalysts for the selective synthesis of mono- and diethylamines
Veefkind, Victor A.,Lercher, Johannes A.
, p. 258 - 269 (1998)
The kinetics and mechanism of ethylamine synthesis from ammonia and ethanol over several large pore acid catalysts are described. Mordenite produced higher monoethylamine yields than the zeolites beta, Y, mazzite, and amorphous silica-alumina. The reaction proceeds via the initial formation of ethylammonium ions, and alkylamines desorb with the assistance of ammonia and equilibrate with other ethylammonium ions before leaving the catalyst pores. The high yields of ethylamines with mordenite are related to the high acid strength of the catalyst stabilizing (alkyl)ammonium ions and so blocking the dehydration of ethanol. By choosing high ammonia partial pressures, reaction temperatures below 573 K (minimizing ethene elimination from ethylammonium ions), and subtle modifications of the parent mordenite material (EDTA leaching, silylation of the external surface) ethene selectivity was further decreased. These measures allowed us to prepare a catalyst on the basis of mordenite with a Si/Al ratio of 5 that showed 99% selectivity to ethyl amines at 60% conversion and that was stable for long times on stream.
New composite catalysts for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol and ammonia, prepared using calcium aluminates (Talyum)
Belov,Markov,Sova,Golosman,Nechugovskii
, p. 414 - 420 (2016)
Experiments on direct synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol, ammonia, and hydrogen at 513–573 K in the presence of new Cu-, Cu–Zn–(Zr)-, and Cu–Mg-containing composite catalysts prepared using calcium aluminates (Talyum, technical-grade calcium aluminate) were performed The following results were reached: ethanol conversion 96.0–99.0%, selectivity with respect to acetonitrile 99.0%, and acetonitrile output exceeding the reported level by a factor of 1.2–1.4. The new technology can be implemented in industry.
A cluster growth route to quantum-confined CdS nanowires
Yan, Ping,Xie, Yi,Qian, Yitai,Liu, Xianming
, p. 1293 - 1294 (1999)
Quantum-confined CdS nanowires with diameters around 4 nm and lengths ranging from 150 to 250 nm were grown for the first time from cadmium bis(diethyldithiocarbamate) [Cd(DDTC)2]2 by removal of the four thione groups with ethylenediamine (en) at 117°C for 2 min.
Reactions of group 4 amide guanidinates with dioxygen or water. Studies of the formation of oxo products
Sharma, Bhavna,Callaway, Tabitha M.,Lamb, Adam C.,Steren, Carlos A.,Chen, Shu-Jian,Xue, Zi-Ling
, p. 11409 - 11421 (2013)
Reactions of the zirconium amide guanidinates (R2N) 2M[iPrNC(NR2)NiPr]2 (R = Me, M = Zr, 1; M = Hf, 2; R = Et, M = Zr, 3) with O2 or H 2O give products that are consistent with the oxo dimers {M(μ-O)[iPrNC(NR2)NiPr]2} 2 (R = Me, M = Zr, 4; M = Hf, 5; R = Et, M = Zr, 6) and polymers {M(μ-O)[iPrNC(NR2)NiPr]2} n (R = Me, M = Zr, 7; M = Hf, 8; R = Et, M = Zr, 9). Mass spectrometric (MS) analyses of the reactions of water in air with 1 and 2 show formation of the Zr monomer Zr(=O)[iPrNC(NMe2)N iPr]2 (10), oxo dimers 4 and 5, and dihydroxyl complexes M(OH)2[iPrNC(NMe2)NiPr]2 (M = Zr, 11; Hf, 12). Similar MS analyses of the reaction of diethylamide guanidinate 3 with water in air show the formation of Zr(=O)[ iPrNC(NEt2)NiPr]2 (13), Zr(OH) 2[iPrNC(NEt2)NiPr]2 (14), 6, and {(Et2N)Zr[iPrNC(NEt2)N iPr]2}+ (15). Kinetic studies of the reaction between 1 and a continuous flow of 1.0 atm of O2 at 80-105 C indicate that it follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with ΔH? = 8.7(1.1) kcal/mol, ΔS? = -54(3) eu, ΔG ?358 K = 28(2) kcal/mol, and a half-life of 213(1) min at 85 C.
Microcalorimetric adsorption and infrared spectroscopic studies of KNi/MgAlO catalysts for the hydrogenation of acetonitrile
Zhao, Jie,Chen, Hui,Tian, Xiaocong,Zang, Han,Fu, Yuchuan,Shen, Jianyi
, p. 161 - 169 (2013)
Ni/MgAlO and K2CO3Ni/MgAlO catalysts for the hydrogenation of acetonitrile to primary amine were studied. Microcalorimetric measurements and infrared spectroscopy were used to study the adsorption of CO, H2, acetonitrile,
Photocatalytic degradation of dye sulforhodamine B: A comparative study of photocatalysis with photosensitization
Liu, Guangming,Zhao, Jincai
, p. 411 - 417 (2000)
The direct photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutant sulforhodamine B (SRB) in aqueous TiO2 dispersions has been examined and compared to the photosensitization process. The mineralization extent of SRB degradation, the formation of intermediates and final products were monitored to assess the degradation pathways caused by direct photocatalysis. In the initial stage of the direct photocatalysis, SRB is mainly oxidized by a positive hole upon band-gap excitation of TiO2 by UV light (330 nm 420 nm). Diethylamine, N,N-diethylacetamide, N-ethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, formic acid and acetic acid were identified as intermediate species; SO42-, NH4+, CO2 and H2O are final mineralized products produced in the direct photocatalytic process.
