501-16-6

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Caffeic acid is used as a synthetic intermediate for the development of various pharmaceutical compounds. It serves as a reactant to synthesize N-caffeoylphenalkylamide derivatives, which act as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors. This application helps in the development of new antibiotics and antimicrobial agents to combat drug-resistant bacteria.
Used in Anticancer Applications:
Caffeic acid is used in the preparation of caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogs, which possess antitumor properties. These analogs have the potential to be developed into novel anticancer drugs, targeting various types of cancer cells and contributing to cancer treatment and therapy.
Used in Cosmetics and Nutraceuticals:
Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, caffeic acid is also used in the cosmetics and nutraceuticals industries. It can be found in various skincare products, promoting skin health and protection against environmental stressors. Additionally, it is used as a supplement in the nutraceutical industry for its potential health benefits, such as immune system support and overall well-being.

Upstream product

• 141-82-2 malonic acid 
• 139-85-5 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 
• 140-10-3 (E)-3-phenylacrylic acid 
• 92279-06-6 3-(3',4'-dioxo-1',5'-cyclohexadienyl)propenoic acid 
• 873-55-2 sodium benzenesulfonate 
• 202650-88-2 3-caffeoylquinic acid 
• 110065-28-6 methyl 2,5-di-O-caffeyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside 
• 122412-14-0 (2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate 
• 104777-69-7 3,4-dihydroxy-β-phenethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-4-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 14755-02-3 3-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid 
• 850878-24-9 2-(trans-caffeoyloxy)methyl-3-hydroxy-1-butene-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 947409-89-4 kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 
• 947409-91-8 quercetin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 
• 1246668-91-6 2-methoxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)-2-O-acetyl-4-O-trans-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 

Downstream Products

• 58058-71-2 6'-phenysulfonylcaffeic acid 
• 58058-69-8 5'-phenysulfonylcaffeic acid 
• 92279-06-6 3-(3',4'-dioxo-1',5'-cyclohexadienyl)propenoic acid 
• 56252-03-0 dihydroxyanigorufone 
• 40918-96-5 methyl (2E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)acrylate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Detailed mechanism of phenol-inhibited peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid at neutral pH

The inhibition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by a phenol, caffeic acid (CA), was studied using both a kinetic approach and computer simulation. The presence of CA resulted in a lag period in IAA oxidation. The lag period increased slowly with increasing [CA] until a critical concentration, [CA]cr, was reached, then it increased much faster when [CA] was greater than [CA]cr The [CA]cr was proportional to [IAA] and did not depend upon [HRP]. Caffeic acid was oxidized by compound I and compound II of HRP with bimolecular rate constants (6.8 ± 107 and 2.1 ± 107 M-1s-1), which were much higher than the corresponding rate constants for IAA oxidation (2.3 ± 103 and 2.0 ±102 M-1s-1). Our experimental data show that CA inhibits IAA oxidation because it is able to compete effectively as a peroxidase substrate. A model based on a detailed mechanism of IAA oxidation was investigated using computer simulation. A rate constant driving nonenzymatic hydroperoxide formation in IAA solution was determined, 3.0 × 10-7 s-1. The model quantitatively describes the experimental results of this work and also qualitatively explains data published earlier. The critical inhibitor concentration is approximately equal to twice the concentration of hydroperoxide in IAA solution at the time of inhibitor addition. Therefore hydroperoxide concentration can be calculated from the determination of critical inhibitor concentration.

Photoinduced Regioselective Olefination of Arenes at Proximal and Distal Sites

The Fujiwara-Moritani reaction has had a profound contribution in the emergence of contemporary C-H activation protocols. Despite the applicability of the traditional approach in different fields, the associated reactivity and regioselectivity issues had

Engineered Bacterial Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenases for the Regiospecific Hydroxylation of Polycyclic Phenols

4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (4HPA3H), a flavin-dependent monooxygenase from E. coli that catalyzes the hydroxylation of monophenols to catechols, was modified by rational redesign to convert also more bulky substrates, especially phenolic natural products like phenylpropanoids, flavones or coumarins. Selected amino acid positions in the binding pocket of 4HPA3H were exchanged with residues from the homologous protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yielding variants with improved conversion of spacious substrates such as the flavonoid naringenin or the alkaloid mimetic 2-hydroxycarbazole. Reactions were followed by an adapted Fe(III)-catechol chromogenic assay selective for the products. Especially substitution of the residue Y301 facilitated modulation of substrate specificity: introduction of nonaromatic but hydrophobic (iso)leucine resulted in the preference of the substrate ferulic acid (having a guaiacyl (guajacyl) moiety, part of the vanilloid motif) over unsubstituted monophenols. The in vivo (whole-cell biocatalysts) and in vitro (three-enzyme cascade) transformations of substrates by 4HPA3H and its optimized variants was strictly regiospecific and proceeded without generation of byproducts.

Optimization of the biosynthesis of b-ring ortho-hydroxy lated flavonoids using the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase complex (Hpabc) of escherichia coli

Flavonoids are important plant metabolites that exhibit a wide range of physiological and pharmaceutical functions. Because of their wide biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging and anticancer, they have been widely used in foods, nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals industries. Here, the hydroxylase complex HpaBC was selected for the efficient in vivo production of ortho-hydroxylated flavonoids. Several HpaBC expression vectors were constructed, and the corresponding products were successfully detected by feeding naringenin to vector-carrying strains. However, when HpaC was linked with an S-Tag on the C terminus, the enzyme activity was significantly affected. The optimal culture conditions were determined, including a substrate concentration of 80 mg·L?1, an induction temperature of 28?C, an M9 medium, and a substrate delay time of 6 h after IPTG induction. Finally, the efficiency of eriodictyol conversion from P2&3-carrying strains fed naringin was up to 57.67 ± 3.36%. The same strategy was used to produce catechin and caf-feic acid, and the highest conversion efficiencies were 35.2 ± 3.14 and 32.93 ± 2.01%, respectively. In this paper, the catalytic activity of HpaBC on dihydrokaempferol and kaempferol was demonstrated for the first time. This study demonstrates a feasible method for efficiently synthesizing in vivo B-ring dihydroxylated flavonoids, such as catechins, flavanols, dihydroflavonols and flavonols, in a bacterial expression system.

Herbicide based on haloxyfop, flumetsulam and halosulfuron-methyl

The invention discloses a herbicide based on haloxyfop, flumetsulam and halosulfuron-methyl. The herbicide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-15 parts of haloxyfop-R-methyl, 1-15 parts of flumetsulam, 1-37 parts of halosulfuron-methyl, 1-2 parts of a modified antioxidant, 10-12 parts of borax, 6-8 parts of a surfactant, 10-12 parts of triethanolamine, 10-12 parts of vegetable oil and 40-42 parts of deionized water. After the haloxyfop-R-methyl, the flumetsulam and the halosulfuron-methyl are mixed, the effects are complementary, the weeding spectrum is wider, the weeding activity is high, the weeding effect is more excellent. In addition, the modified antioxidant is added into the herbicide formula, so that the composite herbicide has the effects of resisting oxidation aging and ultraviolet aging, effective components are prevented from decomposing and losing efficacy in the presence of light, the pesticide effect is kept lasting, and the application prospect and popularization value are remarkably improved.

Iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C-H methylation

A practical and general iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabling aldehyde C-H methylation for the synthesis of methyl ketones has been developed. This mild, operationally simple method uses ambient air as the sole oxidant and tolerates sensitive functional groups for the late-stage functionalization of complex natural-product-derived and polyfunctionalized molecules.

Anti-inflammatory glycosides from the roots of Paeonia intermedia C. A. Meyer

Three new phenolic glycosides, intermedia A–C (1–3), one new acyclic alcohol glycoside, intermedia D (4), together with 3 known glycosides (5–7), were isolated from the dried roots of Paeonia intermedia C. A. Meyer. Their structures were established by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis (HRESIMS, NMR). Compound 1 have a rare benzo[1,5]dioxepine skeleton. The bioassay results showed that compound 3 exhibited inhibitory activity against proinflammatory cytokines nitric oxide (NO) secretion in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 85.76 ± 1.36 μM.

Thiols Act as Methyl Traps in the Biocatalytic Demethylation of Guaiacol Derivatives

Demethylating methyl phenyl ethers is challenging, especially when the products are catechol derivatives prone to follow-up reactions. For biocatalytic demethylation, monooxygenases have previously been described requiring molecular oxygen which may cause oxidative side reactions. Here we show that such compounds can be demethylated anaerobically by using cobalamin-dependent methyltransferases exploiting thiols like ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate as a methyl trap. Using just two equivalents of this reagent, a broad spectrum of substituted guaiacol derivatives were demethylated, with conversions mostly above 90 %. This strategy was used to prepare the highly valuable antioxidant hydroxytyrosol on a one-gram scale in 97 % isolated yield.

A chlorogenic acid esterase from a metagenomic library with unique substrate specificity and its application in caffeic and ferulic acid production from agricultural byproducts

Soil microbes are an abundant source of enzymes with unique properties that may be useful for industrial applications. As most wild-type strains show low chlorogenic acid esterase expression and activity, and most microbes cannot be cultured in the laboratory, a metagenomic approach provides methods of identifying new enzymes. In this study, a gene encoding a chlorogenic acid esterase, named Tan410, was isolated from a soil metagenomic library and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme, with a predicted molecular weight of 54.88 kDa, was purified to homogeneity. The K m and V max values for Tan410 were 1.26 mM and 0.33 mM min–1, respectively, with chlorogenic acid as the substrate. Its optimum temperature and pH for reaction were 30 °C and 7.5, respectively. The enzyme exhibited moderate thermostability and broad pH stability (3.0–10.0). Tan410 was also able to hydrolyse ethyl ferulate, methyl caffeate, propyl gallate, ethyl gallate, methyl vanillate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, and methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, and it released caffeic and ferulic acids from agricultural byproducts (destarched wheat bran and coffee pulp). Tan140 has potential for industrial application in biomass valorization.

Acylated pelargonidin and cyanidin 3-sambubiosides from the flowers of Aeschynanthus species and cultivars

Thirteen anthocyanins were isolated from the flowers of two Aeschynanthus species, A. fulgens and A. pulcher, and six cultivars, ‘Mahligai’, ‘Mona Lisa’, ‘SoeKa’, ‘Redona’, ‘Freshya’ and ‘Bravera’, and identified as pelargonidin and cyanidin 3-O-sambubiosides and their malonates, succinates, p-coumarates and caffeates, and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside by acid hydrolysis, HR-MS and NMR. Of their anthocyanins, pelargonidin 3-O-[xylosyl-(1 → 2)-(6''-malonylglucoside)] (2), pelargonidin 3-O-[xylosyl-(1 → 2)-(6''-succinylglucoside)] (3), pelargonidin 3-O-[xylosyl-(1 → 2)-(6''-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)] (4), pelargonidin 3-O-[xylosyl-(1 → 2)-(6''-Z-p-coumaroylglucoside)] (5), pelargonidin 3-O-[xylosyl-(1 → 2)-(6''-E-caffeoylglucoside)] (6) and cyanidin 3-O-[xylosyl-(1 → 2)-(6''-succinylglucoside)] (9) were reported in nature for the first time.