50966-65-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Significantly improved performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by optimizing organic dyes with pyrrole as the isolation spacer and utilizing alkyl chain engineering
Wang, Jinfeng,Liu, Siwei,Chai, Zhaofei,Chang, Kai,Fang, Manman,Han, Mengmeng,Wang, Yiyi,Li, Sheng,Han, Hongwei,Li, Qianqian,Li, Zhen
, p. 22256 - 22265 (2018)
The optimization of interfacial and intramolecular charge transfer of organic dyes is crucial to the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. In this study, an efficient strategy was afforded by the introduction of alkylated pyrrole as the isolation spacer into organic dyes. The interfacial charge transfer can be organized by the tunable alkyl chains as a barrier layer to inhibit electron recombination, and the pull-push system can be strengthened by the incorporation of electron-withdrawing units (benzothiadiazole) and electron-rich moieties (pyrrole) into the conjugated bridge simultaneously, resulting in excellent light-harvesting capability. Therefore, the high conversion efficiency of 9.70% was achieved by LI-124 with suitable alkyl chains and device optimization.
Amine degradation by 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal in model systems
Zamora, Rosario,Gallardo, Emerenciana,Hidalgo, Francisco J.
, p. 2398 - 2404 (2007/10/03)
The reactions of 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal with octylamine, benzylamine, and 2-phenylglycine methyl ester were studied to investigate if amines may suffer a Strecker type degradation by epoxyalkenals analogously to amino acids. In addition to other reactions, the studied amines were converted into their corresponding Strecker aldehydes (octanal, benzaldehyde, and methyl 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate, respectively) to an extent that depended on the pH, the temperature, the amount of epoxyalkenal, and the amine involved. Each amine exhibited an optimum pH for the reaction, but the corresponding Strecker aldehydes were produced to a significant extent within a broad pH range. In addition, the temperature mostly influenced the reaction rate, which was increased between 6.5 and 9.5 times when the reaction was carried out at 60°C than when it took place at 37°C. Furthermore, Strecker aldehyde formation was linearly correlated with the amount of the epoxyalkenal present in the reaction mixture. Nevertheless, the reaction yield mostly depended on the amine involved. Thus, octylamine only produced trace amounts of octanal, benzylamine was converted into benzaldehyde with a yield of 4.3%, and 2-phenylglycine methyl ester was converted into methyl 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate with a reaction yield of 49%. All of these results suggest that suitable amines can be degraded by epoxyalkenals to their corresponding Strecker aldehydes to a significant extent.
Reaction of pyrroles with naphthoquinones. Synthesis of new pyrrolylnaphthoquinone dyes
Lion,Baudry,Hedayatullah,Da Conceicao,Hocquaux,Genard,Maignan
, p. 1635 - 1640 (2007/10/03)
The reaction of 1,4-naphthoquinone (1) with N-alkylpyrroles (2) gives a mixture of 2-(pyrrol-2-yl)-1,4-naphthoquinones (3) and 2,5-bis(1,4-naphthoquinon-2-yl)pyrroles (4). The yields and the ratios of these two products depend greatly on the experimental conditions. The reaction has been extended to 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone, 5) and 1,2-naphthoquinone (6). New pyrrolylnaphthoquinones are obtained.
Ruthenium Complex-Catalyzed N-Heterocyclization. Syntheses of N-Substituted Pyrroles and Pyrrolidines from 1,4-Diols and Primary Amines
Tsuji, Yasushi,Yokoyama, Yasuharu,Huh, Keun-Tae,Watanabe, Yoshihisa
, p. 3456 - 3458 (2007/10/02)
2-Butyne-1,4-diol reacts with aliphatic amines in the presence of a catalytic amount of at 150 deg C to give N-alkylpyrroles in good yields. 1,4-Butanediol reacts with aromatic or aliphatic amines to give N-substituted pyrrolidines in excellent yields; and are the best catalysts for aromatic and aliphatic amines, respectively.The reaction of 2-butene-1,4-diol with alkyl amines gives a 1:1 mixture of N-substituted pyrroles and pyrrolidines in high yield.
ELECTROREDUCTIVE N-ALKYLATION OF AMIDES, CARBAMATES, AND N-HETEROCYCLES
Shono, Tatsuya,Kashimura, Shigenori,Nogusa, Hideo
, p. 425 - 428 (2007/10/02)
The N-alkylation of amides, lactams, carbamates, and N-heterocycles was easily attained in good yields by the electroreduction of the substrates in the presence of alkyl halides.
N-Alkylation of Pyrrole, Indole, and Several Other Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Potassium Hydroxide as a Base in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycols or Their Dialkyl Ethers
Sukata, Kazuaki
, p. 280 - 284 (2007/10/02)
The alkylation of pyrrole and indole in aqueous potassium hydroxide-organic two-phase systems in the presence of polyethylene glycols (PEG) or their dialkyl ethers (PEG-ether) as phase transfer catalysts (PTC) gave substantial quantities of the C-alkylated and C,N-polyalkylated products as well as the N-alkylated products.This fact is similar to that obtained in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts as PTC.In powdered potassium hydroxide-organic two-phase system, the yields of the N-alkylated products were generally high.Especially, when PEG-ether were employed as solvents, the N-alkylated products were obtained in excellent yields under mild conditions.Imidazole, benzimidazole, carbazole, 2-methylindole, and benzotriazole were similarly N-alkylated in high yields by this method.
